Nature:新型丙肝口服药物获批上市 人类将首次战胜HCV

2013-11-05 koo 生物360

改进的治疗方案将为人类清除肝病毒感染提供新希望。 数十年来,丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染者都不得不忍受令人饱受折磨的治疗方案,其中包括注射干扰素药物,它可以引起严重恶心及抑郁症。随着几种高效口服抗病毒药物即将获得批准,以及更多药物的出现,研究人员说根除全世界的感染现在成为了一个现实的目标。 不同于以往的 HCV 治疗采用干扰素和其他药物来寻求增强免疫系统,最新的一组口服药物可以干扰病毒的复制

改进的治疗方案将为人类清除肝病毒感染提供新希望。

数十年来,丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染者都不得不忍受令人饱受折磨的治疗方案,其中包括注射干扰素药物,它可以引起严重恶心及抑郁症。随着几种高效口服抗病毒药物即将获得批准,以及更多药物的出现,研究人员说根除全世界的感染现在成为了一个现实的目标。

不同于以往的 HCV 治疗采用干扰素和其他药物来寻求增强免疫系统,最新的一组口服药物可以干扰病毒的复制及蛋白质合成能力。美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)委员会已于上周提议批准强生公司(Johnson & Johnson)的 simeprevir 以及吉利德科学公司(Gilead Sciences)的sofosbuvir 上市。将两种药物任一种与利巴韦林(ribavirin)组合,治疗清除了大约 80% 感染者的丙肝病毒。

“这是在人类历史上第一次,我们治愈了一种病毒疾病,”埃默里大学药理学家 Raymond Schinazi 说。

来自不同药物组合试验的结果将在本周发布。一项名为 COSMOS 的 II 期研究在 197 名对干扰素无反应或是有晚期肝纤维化的 HCV 患者中,测试了 sofosbuvir 与 simeprevir 的组合。在治疗1 2 周后,药物完全清除了超过 90% 参与者体内的病毒。

另一项由日本广岛大学 Kazuaki Chayama 医生领导的研究,采用美国百时美施贵宝公司(Bristol-Myers Squibb)的两种新药 daclatasvir 和 asunaprevir 的组合对 220 人进行了治疗。这种鸡尾酒治愈了 85% 的参与者。百时美施贵宝公司全球医疗研究人员的领导者 Eric Hughe s说,计划 2014 年呈送这些药物获取 FDA 批准。

尽管这些结果令人鼓舞,然而将来自多个药物公司的药物组合开展更大的研究看起来不大可能。Medivir 药物公司研发副总裁 Charlotte Edenius 说,吉利德科学公司与强生公司没有打算合作开展一项 III 期实验。同样,百时美施贵宝公司的发言人也说,公司没有计划与吉利德科学公司协作,针对 sofosbuvir-daclatasvir 联合治疗开展更大的试验,尽管今年早些时候完成的一项II期实验显示两种药物配对治愈了所有 41 名参与者。

即便没有 III 期实验或是 FDA 批准这种做法,约翰霍普金斯大学的丙肝研究人员 David Thomas 期望,一些医生能够开始为某些难治病例给予这样的“标签外使用”(off-label)组合处方。

他认为,临床试验中令人印象深刻的治愈率表明了,强效药物组合能够至少在理论上根除全球的 HCV 。这种病毒没有动物储存宿主,意味着它不会隐匿于其他的动物,除了通过血液它不易在人群间传播。提高对输血血液供应品的筛查,以及更好的患者筛查技术使得过去 15 年来传播率大大下降。耐药病毒株的出现可能是一个障碍,但由于最新的组合抗病毒药物非常的强效,它们有可能不常发生。

价格因素

宾夕法尼亚大学肝病学家 Rajender Reddy 看到了第二重障碍:需要它们的人们如何得到这种的治疗。全球有大约 1.7 亿人携带丙肝病毒,其中许多人负担不起这些药物。药物公司也缺少动力来降低成本,不同于 HIV 抗病毒治疗需要患者终身服药,HCV 治疗只需 12 周。

鉴别 HCV 携带者也是一个挑战,因为大多数人都不知道他们患有这种疾病,直到他们发展为严重的肝硬化或肝癌——在感染后这一过程有时要经历数十年。洛克菲勒大学病毒学家 Charles Rice 说,对老年人和吸毒者等高危人群进行强制筛查是根除努力的一个重要组成部分。

即便是最有效的口服药物也不能引起持久的抗病毒免疫反应,人们可以再次感染。这就是为什么仍在继续寻找一种预防性的 HCV 疫苗,最有希望的一批当前进入到了 II 期临床试验阶段。“即便我们拥有我们所需的所有药物,让疾病消失将还需要几十年的时间,这仍是一个悬而未决的问题,”Rice 说。

原文出处:

Sara Reardon. United States to approve potent oral drugs for hepatitis C. Nature, 30 October 2013; doi:10.1038/nature.2013.14059

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    2014-06-19 gdsun
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    2014-05-04 liye789132251
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    2014-07-24 weiz
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    2013-11-07 ymljack

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使人类肝细胞(HuS-E/2细胞)永生化的3D培养系统最近显示其能够支持血源性丙肝病毒的生存循环。近日,来自日本东京大学的Yuichi Abe等研究者采用该3D培养系统,寻找丙肝病毒(HCV)生存周期中被异常激活的蛋白,以及探索抗HCV试剂在控制丙肝病毒感染的效果。研究显示信使RNA编码的前列腺素合成酶被异常激活;采用血栓素A2合成酶(TXAS)抑制剂,能够抑制体外培养的肝细胞以及植入裸

Nature:丙肝病毒阳离子通道的结构被揭示

丙肝病毒 (HCV) 是肝病和肝癌的一个主要病因。由于没有保护性疫苗,也由于治疗方案仍然有限,寻找新的治疗目标便显得很重要。James Chou及其同事在这篇论文中报告了低聚丙肝病毒“viroporin p7”的结构,是通过NMR谱获得的。该蛋白能自组成一个可传导阳离子的通道复合物。该通道六聚物的一个高分辨率视图显示了新颖的漏斗状通道结构,而功能研究则识别出了对通道活性重要的残体。 英文摘要:

FDA批准雅培HCV基因型检测试剂盒上市

  2013年6月20日,美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)批准了可检测到患者携带的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因型的试剂盒(Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II)上市,该试剂盒可对感染者的血清或血浆标本鉴别出基因型1、1a、1b、2、3、4和5。 该检测方法获准用于已知的HCV慢性感染者的鉴别诊断,而不用于血液遗传物质、血制品或组织供者的