ASCO 2014:全国低剂量CT(LDCT)肺癌筛查研究

2014-05-31 MedSci MedSci原创

摘要号:#6501题目:医疗保险Medicare项目中的低剂量CT(LDCT)肺癌筛查:反映出的临床、资源和预算影响背景:基于国家肺癌筛查试验(NLST)中获得的证据,美国预防服务任务组(USPSTF)近期推荐对目前吸烟者既往吸烟30包/年或过去15年内戒烟的55-80岁患者,每年进行LDCT肺癌筛查。根据平价医疗法案条款,Medicare将给付筛查费用。我们对该政策的临床、资源和预算影响做一调查

摘要号:#6501


题目:医疗保险Medicare项目中的低剂量CT(LDCT)肺癌筛查:反映出的临床、资源和预算影响

背景:基于国家肺癌筛查试验(NLST)中获得的证据,美国预防服务任务组(USPSTF)近期推荐对目前吸烟者既往吸烟30包/年或过去15年内戒烟的55-80岁患者,每年进行LDCT肺癌筛查。根据平价医疗法案条款,Medicare将给付筛查费用。我们对该政策的临床、资源和预算影响做一调查。

方法:我们开发了一个模型,预测实施USPSTF LDCT筛查推荐与不筛查的5年累积结果。该模型模拟了一个纳入2013例对象有年龄统计学分布的Medicare队列。从NLST中推导出肺癌的检出率和诊断分期。成本计算包含LDCT筛查和随访、确证性的气管镜/活检检查、分期特定的肺癌治疗(出事、持续、终结治疗)。我们估算了2种情况(1、各年符合条件的患者均完全实施;2、阶段性实施,增加20%的符合条件患者每年筛查)下的检出肺癌、LDCT扫描和每人每月(PMPM)和总的预算影响。

结果:完全实施和阶段性实施情况下,筛查分别增加了141000和101000例肺癌的检出(多数为Ⅰ期),增加了3750万和2240万次LDCT扫描,总花费增加了$274亿(PMPM $8.8)和$176亿(PMPM $5.7)。最有影响的因素是选择接受筛查的符合条件的患者比例、早期肺癌的初始治疗花费以及无筛查策略时诊断Ⅳ期的比例。

结论:我们的分析提示LDCT筛查将会增加肺癌的诊断,导致更大比例的早期诊断病例,以及显著增加了Medicare的支出。后续的分析将评估相对于存在的LDCT设施和卫生专业供给,完全和阶段性实施筛查对资源的需求情况。

ASCO观点:ASCO主席Clifford A. Hudis指出,“烟草应用持续造成国家太多的癌症负担,LDCT筛查提供了期盼已久的早期肺癌检出策略,作为医生我们必须尽最大可能鼓励患者并提供戒烟所需的资源,并阻止下一代年轻人开始吸烟。”

研究反映了国家范围LDCT筛查将确定更多更早期的肺癌,但伴随着巨大的医疗保险花费。一个新模型反映了实施近期USPSTF每年对高危Medicare患者行LDCT肺癌筛查推荐的5年结果。该模型估测了逐步实施筛查项目将在5年间导致约54900例更多肺癌的检出,大多数为早期。之前开发过相似的肺癌筛查模型,这是首项专门针对Medicare人群的研究,有最高的肺癌发病率和很大比例的符合筛查条件者。

领导该研究的作者Joshua A. Roth指出,“如果我们可以早期诊断出肺癌,患者可以得到更有效的治疗,生存预后也更好。但是,关键问题是筛查项目的成功是保证高危者实际上接受了筛查并得到后续合适的治疗。”

USPSTF的推荐很大程度上基于NLST的结果,显示与X线筛查比较,LDCT降低了20%的肺癌死亡。建议对既往吸烟30包/年目前仍吸烟或过去15年内戒烟的55-80岁者行每年LDCT筛查。

高模型假设在5年间,有额外的20%高危患者进行了每年筛查。因为筛查应用率对临床、资源和预算结果有最大的影响,研究者考虑了实施的3种情况——基于乳腺X线摄影历史经验的预期应用(提供筛查的患者50%接受了每年的筛查)、低应用率(提供筛查的患者25%接受了每年筛查)、高应用率(提供筛查的患者75%接受了每年的筛查)。高筛查率将检出最多的早期肺癌病例,但考虑到所需人员、技术、财政和患者教育资源因素,可能并不可行。

在预期筛查应用的情况下,与无筛查相比,5年间将增加1120万次LDCT扫描和检出54900例肺癌。估计此项目将早期诊断的比例从15%增加至33%。5年Medicare对LDCT、诊断流程、肿瘤医疗的总花费将为$93亿,相当于每人每月增加$3的保险费。低筛查应用率和高筛查应用率情况下,5年Medicare的总花费将分别为$59亿和$12.7亿,PMPM增加$1.9和$4.1。

研究者计划将来对增加的扫描和技术考虑和评估可获得资源与需求。这些分析将帮助医疗卫生系统对实施USPSTF筛查政策做好充分的准备。

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    2014-07-12 quxin068
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    2014-11-30 weiz
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