放疗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗肺腺癌脑转移瘤伴脑水肿的临床效果

2021-11-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肺癌是目前发病率和致死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,病理分型主要有鳞状细胞癌、小细胞癌、腺癌等,其中肺腺癌患者极易发生脑转移,增加治疗难度,约90%脑转移灶合并脑水肿,可增高颅内压,引起头痛、恶心呕吐、语言障

肺癌是目前发病率和致死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,病理分型主要有鳞状细胞癌、小细胞癌、腺癌等,其中肺腺癌患者极易发生脑转移,增加治疗难度,约90%脑转移灶合并脑水肿,可增高颅内压,引起头痛、恶心呕吐、语言障碍等,影响生存质量,危及患者生命安全。放射治疗是脑转移瘤的重要治疗手段,患者伴有明显脑水肿时,往往在放射治疗过程中需要应用脱水剂、激素等减轻脑水肿。但受血脑屏障影响,药物作用效果不佳,常常不能有效减轻脑水肿症状。贝伐珠单抗是一种抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)抗体,可通过阻断 VEGF 的表达,抑制其参与肿瘤血管的生长来控制肿瘤发展,在治疗肺腺癌脑转移方面作用显著,有报道显示其对于肺腺癌脑转移伴难治性瘤周水肿也有较好效果。故本研究采用放疗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗肺腺癌脑转移瘤伴脑水肿,观察其临床效果。



回顾性分析2018年7月至2020年1月的60 例肺腺癌脑转移瘤伴脑水肿患者的临床资料,按治疗方案将其分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组男18例,女12例;年龄 55~72 岁,平均(63.48±6.87)岁;脑转移病灶数:1~2个共18例,3~4 个共12例。观察组男20例,女10例;年龄56~74岁,平均(63.57±6.80)岁;脑转移病灶数;1~2 个共 13 例,3~4 个共 17 例。两组患者的一般资料无显著差异(P>0.05)。
两组均进行常规血压调控、纠正水电解质紊乱、支持治疗、脱水及激素治疗等基础治疗。在此基础上,对照组行单纯放射治疗,包括全脑放射治疗,总剂量 36~40 Gy,分18~20 次进行,5 次/周,并局部推量至 DT 50~60 Gy。观察组加用贝伐珠单抗注射液治疗,按 5 mg/kg 标准溶于生理盐水中静脉滴注,1 次/2 周。两组均治疗 4~6 周。



两组患者治疗前、后V水肿、V瘤体、EI及VEGF水平比较治疗前,两组的V水肿、V 瘤体、EI、VEGF水平无显著差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组的V水肿、V瘤体、EI、VEGF水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。



本研究在放疗基础上联合贝伐珠单抗治疗,结果显示,观察组的DCR 高于对照组,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);治疗后,两组的水肿、V瘤体、EI、VEGF水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组的 ECOG、NIHSS 评分均降低,KPS 评分均升高,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。表明放疗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗肺腺癌脑转移瘤伴脑水肿可控制脑转移瘤发展,降低 VEGF 水平,减轻瘤周水肿严重程度,改善患者生存质量。这是因为放射治疗可有效杀死肿瘤细胞,控制肿瘤发展,减少肿瘤细胞对血脑屏障的破坏作用,加上贝伐珠单抗是一种人源化抗-VEGF 单克隆抗体,具有直接阻断 VEGF的生物学作用,其能特异性地与VEGF 结合,与内皮细胞表面受体结合,减少内皮细胞增殖和新生血管形成,抑制肿瘤病理性血管生成和肿瘤生长,还可降低血管通透性,使肿瘤血管恢复正常状态,部分恢复了血脑屏障的正常低渗透特征,避免血管内液体渗出,改善了肿瘤性脑水肿,故贝伐珠单抗既能抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,又可减少血管源性脑水肿,同时还对放射有增敏作用,可提高脑转移瘤的疾病控制率,从而改善脑神经功能,提高患者生存质量。


综上所述,放疗联合贝伐珠单抗治疗肺腺癌脑转移瘤伴脑水肿可降低患者血清 VEGF水平,减轻水肿症状,控制脑转移瘤,提高其生存质量,值得临床上进一步推广。

 


原始出处:临床医学研究与实践 2020 年11月第5卷第31期

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1954847, encodeId=5507195484e77, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e4f39220658' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贝伐珠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92206, encryptionId=e4f39220658, topicName=贝伐珠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 08:51:44 CST 2022, time=2022-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2076084, encodeId=c6a220e6084a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8a3b93455ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转移瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93455, encryptionId=8a3b93455ec, topicName=转移瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3eaf430, createdName=bsmagic9132, createdTime=Sat Oct 08 23:51:44 CST 2022, time=2022-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1259613, encodeId=dd7f12596132e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d2f8490308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑水肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84903, encryptionId=1d2f8490308, topicName=脑水肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1333499, encodeId=9e7a1333499fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ce26423802' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64238, encryptionId=4ce26423802, topicName=水肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKCRibWHQArPHdSkqP90U1HwwqlGeU7BUgzY240D3v2ibBDJ09ybkGkwOjxz7qRmngZaGlK1taX6hfA/132, createdBy=2e772500094, createdName=小华子, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1336589, encodeId=99a6133658982, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=424185133f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑转移瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85133, encryptionId=424185133f8, topicName=脑转移瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b71f2500114, createdName=1179102698_36768926, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1477095, encodeId=f42814e7095c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c32e9220221' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贝伐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92202, encryptionId=c32e9220221, topicName=贝伐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ef557344179, createdName=sunrural_42825359, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1484514, encodeId=55c5148451499, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=889e2284233' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22842, encryptionId=889e2284233, topicName=临床效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-23 小华子
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