治疗新思路:恢复期SARS患者血清可阻止新冠病毒

2020-02-03 北大-医学君 iNature

新型高致病性冠状病毒2019-nCoV在中国的出现及其在国内和国际的迅速传播构成了全球卫生紧急情况。冠状病毒使用其刺突蛋白进入靶细胞,深入了解nCoV-2019刺突(S)蛋白驱动的进入可能有助于评估大流行潜力并揭示治疗靶标。2020年1月31日,德国莱布尼兹灵长类动物研究所Markus Hoffmann等人在bioRxiv在线发表题为:The novel coronavirus 2019 (201

新型高致病性冠状病毒2019-nCoV在中国的出现及其在国内和国际的迅速传播构成了全球卫生紧急情况。冠状病毒使用其刺突蛋白进入靶细胞,深入了解nCoV-2019刺突(S)蛋白驱动的进入可能有助于评估大流行潜力并揭示治疗靶标。

2020年1月31日,德国莱布尼兹灵长类动物研究所Markus Hoffmann等人在bioRxiv在线发表题为:The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells的研究论文。

该研究证明2019-nCoV-S使用SARS冠状病毒受体ACE2进入,而细胞蛋白酶TMPRSS2用于2019-nCoV-S引发。TMPRSS2抑制剂阻止进入,可能构成治疗选择。

最后,该研究显示了来自恢复期SARS患者的血清中和了2019-nCoV-S对宿主细胞的进入。该研究结果揭示了2019-nCoV和SARS冠状病毒感染之间的重要共性,这可能会转化为相似的传染性和疾病发病机理。此外,也确定了抗病毒干预的潜在靶标。

冠状病毒科的几个成员在人群中不断传播,通常引起轻度呼吸道疾病。

相反,严重的急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)和中东呼吸综合征相关的冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)是从动物传播给人类的,分别在患病的人类患者中引起严重的呼吸道疾病。

SARS于2002年在中国广东省出现,其随后的全球蔓延并导致774例死亡相关:该病毒使用蝙蝠作为病毒存储库,并通过中间宿主传播给人类。

目前尚无抗SARS的特异性抗病毒药或批准的疫苗,2002/2003年SARS大流行被常规控制措施制止,包括出行限制和患者隔离。

2019-nCoV-S和SARS-S有助于进入哺乳动物细胞系

2019年12月,中国湖北省武汉市出现了一种新的传染性呼吸道疾病。

最初的感染发生在华南海鲜市场,可能是由于动物接触所致。随后,发生了人际传播,该病在中国迅速传播。在患者中检测到一种与SARS-CoV密切相关的新型冠状病毒2019-nCoV,被认为是这次疫情的病原体。 截止2020年1月31日,总共报告了11791例实验室确认的感染,包括976例严重病例和259例死亡。在中国以外的14个国家中也发现了感染,并且与国际旅行有关。

目前,尚不清楚2019-nCoV和SARS-CoV之间的序列相似性是否转化为相似的生物学特性,包括大流行潜力。

2019-nCoV-S利用ACE2作为细胞受体

冠状病毒的刺突(Spike)蛋白有助于病毒进入靶细胞。

进入取决于S蛋白与细胞受体的结合以及细胞蛋白酶对S蛋白的启动作用。SARS-S与血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)结合作为进入受体,并使用细胞丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2进行S蛋白引发。已经发现ACE2的使用效率是SARS-CoV传染的关键决定因素。SARS-S和2019-nCoV-S共有约76%的氨基酸同一性。但是,尚不清楚像SARS-S这样的2019-nCoV-S是否使用ACE2和TMPRSS2进行宿主细胞进入。

来自恢复期SARS患者的血清中和了2019-nCoV-S介导的对宿主细胞的进入

该研究证明2019-nCoV-S使用SARS冠状病毒受体ACE2进入,而细胞蛋白酶TMPRSS2用于2019-nCoV-S引发。TMPRSS2抑制剂阻止进入,可能构成治疗选择。 最后,该研究显示了来自恢复期SARS患者的血清中和了2019-nCoV-S的进入。

该研究结果揭示了2019-nCoV和SARS冠状病毒感染之间的重要共性,这可能会转化为相似的传染性和疾病发病机理。 此外,也确定了抗病毒干预的目标。

论文链接:

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.929042v1

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    2020-12-03 by2009
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    2020-09-08 晓辰
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    2020-02-04 小刀医生
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    2020-02-03 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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