Sci ReP:重磅进展!癌症化疗耐药性或可逆转!

2018-01-24 Ruthy,Juka 转化医学网

癌症患者在使用药物治疗一段时间之后,往往会产生耐药性。化疗耐药性是癌症治疗的一道坎,过则生不过则死。而在近日,科学家发现癌症的耐药性竟然可逆转!

癌症患者在使用药物治疗一段时间之后,往往会产生耐药性。化疗耐药性是癌症治疗的一道坎,过则生不过则死。而在近日,科学家发现癌症的耐药性竟然可逆转!

近日,南卫理公会大学(SMU)的生物化学教授Pia Vogel和John G. Wise领导的研究人员小组利用高性能超级计算机发现了可成功逆转卵巢癌、前列腺癌和乳腺癌失败化疗的分子抑制剂,并通过实验室实验进一步证实。

研究结果以“Targeted inhibitors of P-glycoprotein increase chemotherapeutic-induced mortality of multidrug resistant tumor cells”为题发表在1月17日的《 Scientific Reports》上。

研究人员用分子抑制剂和传统化疗药物联合的方法来治疗侵略性微小肿瘤,这些化疗药物本身对耐药性肿瘤无效。Vogel说:“所有细胞都有自己的生存机制,癌细胞也不例外。我们成功确认了抑制癌细胞生存机制的分子,从而有助于增强化疗药物的有效性。我们发现的分子抑制剂能够穿透耐药癌细胞,促进化疗药物对癌细胞的破坏作用。这是令人无比兴奋的成果,这个实验的成功将是新抗癌药物开发的一大助力。”

许多癌症发展至晚期,癌细胞已经对化疗药物产生了抗性,导致化疗失效,从而使肿瘤得以进一步生长和扩散,患者不得不走向死亡。癌细胞为什么会对化疗药耐药?其关键是癌细胞中存在内置防御机制,一些特定的蛋白泵可以将化疗药“泵出”细胞,从而确保癌细胞的持续存活。其实这些蛋白泵在机体中普遍存在,而耐药癌细胞中的“泵”无论数量还是功能都比正常细胞高一个层次,自然不怕化疗药的毒性作用了。

最常见的蛋白泵是P-糖蛋白(P-gp)和乳腺癌耐药蛋白BCRP。初次化疗时,癌细胞中的蛋白泵并不活跃,因此化疗可以进入大部分肿瘤细胞进行破坏,带来令人满意的治疗效果。但是,化疗往往不能“全歼”癌细胞,在“漏网之鱼”中,化疗药物就会引起癌细胞结构和功能改变,导致蛋白泵快速增加,从而开启自我保护模式,使接下来的化疗效果不佳甚至失效。


P-gp抑制剂逆转紫杉醇或长春碱的耐药性

Wise和Vogel发现的分子抑制剂成功地停止了蛋白泵的作用,这些分子能够有效地恢复癌细胞对化疗药的敏感性,使癌细胞即使被化疗药虐了千百遍,还是每次都待化疗药“如初见”。而且研究数据表明这些分子并无癌症特异性,对P-gp和BCRP皆有效,因此它们可用于不同癌症的治疗。

为了测试这些分子抑制剂是否具有实用性,研究人员使用了大量的化疗药物进行实验,发现如果癌细胞中的蛋白泵没有被抑制的话,化疗药物便无法杀死这些癌细胞。Wise说:“当一个细胞死亡时,它会有一些形态变化。在显微镜下,通过适当的染色,我们能发现蛋白泵抑制的高度耐药的癌细胞确认死亡。这就说明只要确实抑制了这些蛋白泵,化疗药物就可以进入癌细胞使其死亡。”


P-gp抑制剂逆转紫杉醇耐药性诱导前列腺癌细胞凋亡

这项实验的独特之处在于这些分子抑制剂也在三维微型肿瘤中进行了测试,这与平常的二维细胞培养实验不同。在二维实验中,每个细胞都暴露于化学治疗剂,却忽略了如何使药物进入细胞的问题,而三维实验有效地解决了这个问题。

众所周知,化疗是“伤敌一千自损八百”,而此次研究发现的靶向特定蛋白质的抑制剂就可以有效缓解副作用。Wise说:“P-gp几乎可以将所有的药物排出细胞,因此它是解决癌细胞抗药性的关键。这项研究成果意味着化疗将不再伤及无辜,这对个性化医疗有一些实际意义,因为我们的抑制剂并不会增加化疗药物的细胞毒性。”同时,在Wise和Vogel的实验中,他们找到了为P-gp泵提供动力的化学能量反应。


P-gp抑制剂逆转化疗耐药性

Vogel说:“抑制剂的动力来源是一个研究重点,因为几乎所有的临床试验失败都是因为药物运输问题。现在,我们完全避开了癌变蛋白质引起的抗药性,直接瞄准癌细胞,这是令人兴奋的成果。”


P-gp抑制剂增加钙黄绿素-AM在前列腺癌球体中的积聚和渗透

研究人员发现,在计算机上模拟的1500万种化合物中,有18万种化合物可与癌细胞中变异的蛋白质发生强烈的相互作用,大约有0.15%的化合物能够对癌细胞的抗药性做出反应。据此Wise和Vogel解决了抑制剂与癌变蛋白质相互配合的问题。Wise说:“我们对筛选的化合物进行了详细测试,从而明确地观察到结合位点上发生的反应。”

Vogel说:“我们对这些抑制剂进行一一排除,发现了4种能抑制癌细胞抗药性的抑制剂,而且我们采用了计算机算法,减少了失败的次数,也验证了计算机所模拟的结果。”

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    2018-01-29 jyzxjiangqin

    癌症化疗耐药性研究.

    0

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    2018-01-26 xxxx1054
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    2018-01-24 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

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