Hypertension:生物钟紊乱后,即使低盐饮食也会升高血压

2016-02-02 sunshine MedSci原创

Hypertension:生物钟紊乱后,即使低盐饮食也会升高血压生物钟打乱后,低盐饮食和血管收缩素都会产生相同的不良结果:升高静息血压,增加血管疾病的发生风险。睡眠障碍、轮班工作、疾病,甚至是衰老都可能是生物钟紊乱的迹象或导致生物钟紊乱,而生物钟紊乱则增加高血压和血管疾病的发生风险。据近日发表于Hypertension的一项新的研究显示,生物钟紊乱后即使是低盐饮食也会升高血压。Dr. Daniel

生物钟打乱后,低盐饮食和血管收缩素都会产生相同的不良结果:升高静息血压,增加血管疾病的发生风险。

睡眠障碍、轮班工作、疾病,甚至是衰老都可能是生物钟紊乱的迹象或导致生物钟紊乱,而生物钟紊乱则增加高血压和血管疾病的发生风险。据近日发表于Hypertension的一项新的研究显示,生物钟紊乱后即使是低盐饮食也会升高血压。

Dr. Daniel Rudic说道,“昼夜节律是人体的日常节律,或许是我们最常了解的清醒和睡眠。”实际上是复杂的分子网络在调节这个节律,白天到黑夜的日常循环重置了时钟,这对体内器官功能的发挥来说十分重要。

睡眠或休息时间是我们体内器官应该休息一下的时间。它似乎也是昼夜节律紊乱的时间,它的发生可能并不会被机体所意识到,而且其危害巨大。“睡眠时,流向器官的血液会发生改变,”Rudic说道,“心率会降低。既往研究发现血压也具有昼夜节律。”休息时血压降不到应该降低的水平时称为非杓型血压。

Rudic 说道,“我们的数据表明,正常小鼠中,低盐饮食可降低血压。但是,当我们对生物钟紊乱的小鼠喂以低盐饮食时,低钠却导致了非杓型血压和血管疾病的发生。”

无论是人类还是动物,低盐饮食可刺激肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统,促使血管收缩并保持血液在体内流动,有助于调节血压。该系统便是现有一些血压药物的靶向目标。虽然原因尚不完全清楚,但是,在体内可获得的盐如此之少时机体运行以保证血压足够,由此可能导致低盐触发这个系统。Rudic注意到老鼠通常不会食用高盐的食物而人则会,但他并不是建议大部分人应该放弃低盐饮食。

相反,虽然还有很多工作要做,但是关键是持续的控制高血压,约一半的生物钟紊乱患者存在高血压,24小时血压检查或可显示既往隐藏的非杓型血压,需要更多的有针对性的、有效的治疗。

在研究中,存在一个昼夜节律基因(Period isoform)的小鼠,敲除这一基因后,存在这一基因的小鼠血压基本相同。当给予小鼠血管收缩剂(血管紧张素Ⅱ)后,不出所料,小鼠血压在休息时并没有降至正常应降的水平,血管疾病加速发生。

低盐饮食时正常小鼠的血压下降。然而,敲除Period isoform后却出现了非杓型血压。对于夜间活动的小鼠,血压下降应发生在白天。长期慢性低盐饮食也使它们的血管变得狭窄并出现病变。当科学家给予靶向肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的药物时,则解决了非杓型血压的问题。

“虽然目前我们并不能直接靶向生物钟,但是我们可以使用高血压药物解决生物钟所影响的问题,”Rudic说道。对于存在昼夜节律紊乱迹象的患者,一天中最佳的给药时间仍需进一步的研究。


不幸的是,虽然睡眠问题是提示生物钟紊乱的一个很强的指标,24小时血压监测也可有助于揭示非勺型血压,但是目前医生仍不能直接看到患者的生物钟功能。

科学家们指出,在无血管紧张素或低盐饮食时,正常小鼠和基因敲除的小鼠中其血压基本正常,至少在基因敲除的小鼠中这又是一个令人惊喜的发现。

在人类中,估计45%甚至是53%的高血压患者为非杓型高血压。

2009年,Rudic曾展示,在血管中生物钟调节了关键的信号,使得血管能够扩张和重塑。他还曾在Circulation中报告道,突变或缺失生物钟基因的小鼠容易出现血管疾病,类似于吸烟者,高血压患者和高胆固醇患者。

原始出处:

With a broken circadian clock, even a low-salt diet can raise resting blood pressure, promote disease. EurekAlert, PUBLIC RELEASE: 1-FEB-2016.

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    2017-01-16 feather89
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    2016-02-16 青争

    看来要改变自己作息方式了

    0

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    2016-02-15 医张生

    学习,谢谢

    0

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