盘点:体外诊断试剂(IVD)七大违规情况

2016-05-09 佚名 生物谷

体外诊断试剂(IVD)涉及诊断、治疗方案选择、疗效评价等疾病诊治的全过程,需求量大,关系人民群众的切身利益。国家总局先后印发了《关于印发体外诊断试剂抽验工作方案的通知》《关于印发体外诊断试剂风险排查工作方案的通知》《关于印发体外诊断试剂专项整治工作方案的通知》《国家总局办公厅关于印发体外诊断试剂质量评估和综合治理工作方案的通知》等文件。 一、生产、销售、使用未取得医疗器械注册证的体外诊断试

体外诊断试剂(IVD)涉及诊断、治疗方案选择、疗效评价等疾病诊治的全过程,需求量大,关系人民群众的切身利益。国家总局先后印发了《关于印发体外诊断试剂抽验工作方案的通知》《关于印发体外诊断试剂风险排查工作方案的通知》《关于印发体外诊断试剂专项整治工作方案的通知》《国家总局办公厅关于印发体外诊断试剂质量评估和综合治理工作方案的通知》等文件。

一、生产、销售、使用未取得医疗器械注册证的体外诊断试剂

未取得医疗器械注册证的体外诊断试剂主要有以下几种情况:

1.未取得医疗器械注册证生产、销售、使用体外诊断试剂。这样的体外诊断试剂外包装大多只标示产品名称及批号,不标示诸如医疗器械注册号、产品技术要求、生产厂家等信息。

2.未依法办理医疗器械注册证许可事项变更的体外诊断试剂。《体外诊断试剂注册管理办法》(总局令第5号)第四十七条规定,“体外诊断试剂注册事项包括许可事项和登记事项。许可事项包括产品名称、包装规格、主要组成成分、预期用途、产品技术要求、产品说明书、产品有效期、进口体外诊断试剂的生产地址等……”该办法第八十二条规定:“违反本办法规定,未依法办理体外诊断试剂注册许可事项变更的,按照《医疗器械监督管理条例》有关未取得医疗器械注册证的情形予以处罚。”

3.在医疗器械注册证书过期失效后未延续的情况下依然用旧证生产体外诊断试剂,应当定性为未取得医疗器械注册证的体外诊断试剂,不管生产、经营还是使用都违反了相应规定。

4.外包装未标示批准文号,却标明“仅供研究、不用于临床诊断”,应按未取得医疗器械注册证的体外诊断试剂查处。

已废止的《体外诊断试剂注册管理办法(试行)》第十五条规定:“仅用于研究、不用于临床诊断的产品不需要申请注册,但其说明书及包装标签上必须注明‘仅供研究、不用于临床诊断’的字样。”有些不法分子利用该条规定,生产的体外诊断试剂并未注册,仅在包装盒上标示“仅供研究、不用于临床诊断”字样。这种未经注册的试剂被销售给二级甚至三级医疗机构,进而用于临床。

2014年3月13日,国家总局《关于印发医疗器械“五整治”专项行动方案的通知》明确了使用无证产品的处罚依据是:“医疗机构使用无证体外诊断试剂的,依照《医疗器械监督管理条例》第四十二条进行处罚,并通报同级卫生主管部门。”该条款所指的《医疗器械监督管理条例》系修订前的条例,该条例第四十二条正是无产品注册证书的处罚条款,等同于新《医疗器械监督管理条例》第六十六条第三款。

二、生产、销售或赠送、使用无产品注册证书的校准品、质控品

《体外诊断试剂注册管理办法》第十九条规定:“校准品、质控品可以与配合使用的体外诊断试剂合并申请注册,也可以单独申请注册。与第一类体外诊断试剂配合使用的校准品、质控品,按第二类产品进行注册;与第二类、第三类体外诊断试剂配合使用的校准品、质控品单独申请注册时,按与试剂相同的类别进行注册;多项校准品、质控品,按其中的高类别进行注册。”可见,体外诊断仪器使用的标准品、质控品也是按医疗器械进行管理的,并需要注册。

而在现实中,少部分厂家仅取得了检验试剂的产品注册证,并未取得校准品或质控品的产品注册证。

三、体外诊断试剂与不匹配的诊断仪器配合使用

有些医疗机构在购进进口诊断仪器后,由于使用与该进口诊断仪器配套的体外诊断试剂费用非常高昂,他们往往会购进国产的廉价类似体外诊断试剂来替代进口体外诊断试剂。

在某些情况下,国产的类似品种的体外诊断试剂并不能与进口诊断仪器相匹配,如此使用不能保证检验数据的准确性。

四、擅自将定性检测改为定量检测

有些体外诊断试剂在审批时,仅批准其为定性检测试剂。如乙型肝炎病毒检测试剂盒,除表面抗原和血清DNA定量检测有临床意义之外,其它指标定量检测的临床检测意义小于研究意义,所以乙型肝炎病毒检测试剂盒除表面抗原之外,其它的如乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原检测试剂盒批准为定量试剂盒的可能性不大。

但是,由于定量检测在临床上的检验收费比定性检测高得多,部分厂家在没有获得定量检测试剂盒批准的情况下,便擅自将定性试剂盒改为定量试剂盒。

五、使用过期失效的体外诊断试剂

有的体外诊断试剂有效期并不长,短的甚至只有几个月或半年。如果这样的试剂临床使用量不大,就容易出现过期失效的情况。再加上有的医疗机构管理松散,导至过期失效的体外诊断试剂用于临床。利用这样的诊断试剂进行检验显然是不安全的,极有可能导至临床上的误诊,进而导至错误治疗。

六、无证经营体外诊断试剂

体外诊断试剂既有按药品管理的,又有按医疗器械管理的,按医疗器械管理的体外诊断试剂又分为一类、二类、三类医疗器械。经营药品需要办理《药品经营许可证》;经营一类医疗器械无需办理任何手续,经营二类医疗器械应当备案,经营三类医疗器械必须办理《医疗器械经营许可证》。可见,经营不同管理要求的体外诊断试剂应当按相应要求办理许可或备案。

由于体外诊断试剂经营政策发生了较大变化,但部分企业还没有充分认识到这些变化,从而出现上述违法违规行为。

七、体外诊断试剂冷链无法保障

体外诊断试剂不少是生物试剂,对其生产、运输、储存都有严格的条件要求。目前冷链物流的硬件设施不足、市场化程度较低、运输费用较高,而且体外诊断试剂发货散、少,目前利用冷链车运输体外诊断试剂的并不多。大多数体外诊断试剂采用泡沫箱加冰袋的包装形式来控制试剂运输过程中的温度,这样的运输模式并不能完全达到体外诊断试剂冷藏的要求。

《医疗器械监督管理条例》(国务院令650号)第六十七条规定:“有下列情形之一的,由县级以上人民政府食品药品监督管理部门责令改正,处1万元以上3万元以下罚款;情节严重的,责令停产停业,直至由原发证部门吊销医疗器械生产许可证、医疗器械经营许可证……(三)未按照医疗器械说明书和标签标示要求运输、贮存医疗器械的……”另外,《医疗器械经营监督管理办法》(总局令第8号)第六十条也作出了相应规定:“有下列情形之一的,由县级以上食品药品监督管理部门责令改正,并按照《医疗器械监督管理条例》第六十七条的规定予以处罚……(二)未按照医疗器械说明书和标签标示要求运输、贮存医疗器械的。”



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    2017-04-06 zhao4628
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    2016-08-27 李东泽

    这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。

    0

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    2016-08-27 李东泽

    这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1747696, encodeId=c00c1e4769677, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=528294510d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#违规#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94510, encryptionId=528294510d4, topicName=违规)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fe7b35947177, createdName=zhao4628, createdTime=Thu Apr 06 16:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105801, encodeId=f40610580176, content=这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 21:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=105600, encodeId=58ef10560007, content=这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sat Aug 27 14:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1320683, encodeId=fa6c132068398, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ab3265e951' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体外诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26579, encryptionId=9ab3265e951, topicName=体外诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Wed May 11 04:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367972, encodeId=d45f136e972fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e61310130f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#IVD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10130, encryptionId=e61310130f5, topicName=IVD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a885259, createdName=yourmama, createdTime=Wed May 11 04:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85317, encodeId=f1aa8531e52, content=值得阅读,学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 10 12:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2016-05-11 yourmama
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    2016-05-10 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    值得阅读,学习!

    0

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