J Clin Invest:突破!科学家通过破坏细胞DNA修复的“跷跷板”来成功杀灭癌细胞

2018-01-13 佚名 “细胞”微信号

近日,一篇发表在国际杂志Journal of Clinical Investigation上的研究报告中,来自埃默里大学的研究人员通过研究发现,癌细胞依赖的一种免于细胞死亡的特殊蛋白或能帮助调节癌细胞的DNA修复。文章中,研究者阐明了如何使得这种名为Mcl-1的蛋白质失去功能来促进癌细胞对DNA复制压力变得更加敏感,靶向作用Mcl-1蛋白的化合物或许就能作为一类新型的抗癌药物。

近日,一篇发表在国际杂志Journal of Clinical Investigation上的研究报告中,来自埃默里大学的研究人员通过研究发现,癌细胞依赖的一种免于细胞死亡的特殊蛋白或能帮助调节癌细胞的DNA修复。文章中,研究者阐明了如何使得这种名为Mcl-1的蛋白质失去功能来促进癌细胞对DNA复制压力变得更加敏感,靶向作用Mcl-1蛋白的化合物或许就能作为一类新型的抗癌药物。

文章中,研究者就发现了诸如上述化合物,实验结果表明,这种化合物能同当前已知的药物结合有效杀灭小鼠模型机体中的肺癌细胞。长期以来,研究人员一直知道Mcl-1蛋白在保护细胞免于程序性细胞死亡方面扮演着关键的角色,很多类型的癌细胞都会产生过量的Mcl-1蛋白。

通过仔细观察细胞循环周期中Mcl-1蛋白水平的上升和下降,研究人员就鉴别出了该蛋白的另一种特殊功能,如果细胞存在严重的DNA损伤,即DNA链发生断裂,细胞会有两种方式来尝试修复这种DNA损伤,其中一种就是从另外一个染色体复制正确的序列,该过程称之为同源重组;但这仅仅是在细胞进行染色体复制过程中才会发生,另外,细胞还会尝试将破损的DNA利用修剪和编织的方式重新组合在一起,该过程称之为非同源性末端接合(non-homologous end-joining,NHEJ),该过程通常效率较低,研究人员将细胞对两种双链断裂修复形式的依赖性比喻为跷跷板,其会表现出周期性地一上一下现象。

研究者发现,Mcl-1能够控制细胞远离NHEJ但靠近同源重组的过程,如果细胞中不含有Mcl-1,其就会对诱导DNA复制压力的制剂变得更加敏感,比如PARP抑制剂和羟基脲。PARP抑制剂是一类用于治疗卵巢癌和部分类型乳腺癌的药物,而羟基脲则能够抵御慢性髓性白血病、鳞状细胞癌和镰状细胞性贫血症等,Mcl-1似乎并不会损伤X射线诱导的DNA破碎的修复过程,后者更多地依赖于NHEJ过程。

此外,研究者发现,名为MI-223的化合物能干扰Mcl-1调节同源重组形式DNA的修复过程,同时还能结合PARP抑制剂和羟基脲来杀灭肺癌细胞。癌细胞会变得非常敏感,这依赖于Mcl-1的抗细胞死亡特性,因为癌细胞对于DNA复制压力非常敏感,因此Mcl-1抑制剂或许也能在肺癌之外的其它多种类型癌症的治疗过程中发挥作用,最近研究人员还发现Mcl-1抑制剂或许能够有效抵御三阴性乳腺癌。

原始出处:

Chen G,et al.,Targeting Mcl-1 enhances DNA replication stress sensitivity to cancer therapy.J Clin Invest. 2018 Jan 2;128(1):500-516.

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    2018-01-15 yxch36
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    2018-01-15 jambiya
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    2018-01-13 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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