Nature:重磅级成果!科学家发现关键酶类的错误调节或会诱发白血病和脑癌

2017-11-13 佚名 细胞

来自德国癌症研究中心等机构的研究人员通过研究发现,机体中负责分解食物中特殊氨基酸的关键酶类或许在脑癌和白血病发病上扮演着关键角色,相关研究刊登于国际杂志Nature上,文章中,研究人员阐明了能量代谢和所谓的表观遗传学代码的关联,癌症干细胞的DNA标签能够帮助决定基因的活性,以及多种细胞功能,同时研究者还认为阻断该酶类的活性或许能帮助有效抵御癌症的发生。

来自德国癌症研究中心等机构的研究人员通过研究发现,机体中负责分解食物中特殊氨基酸的关键酶类或许在脑癌和白血病发病上扮演着关键角色,相关研究刊登于国际杂志Nature上,文章中,研究人员阐明了能量代谢和所谓的表观遗传学代码的关联,癌症干细胞的DNA标签能够帮助决定基因的活性,以及多种细胞功能,同时研究者还认为阻断该酶类的活性或许能帮助有效抵御癌症的发生。

急性髓性白血病(AML)是一种恶性的血液癌症,其通常会在患者成功初次治疗后悄悄复发,而对疗法耐受的干细胞被认为是引发这种白血病复发的罪魁祸首;科学家们想通过研究理解这种耐药性产生背后的分子机制,他们对患者的样本进行检测,对比了AML干细胞及不具干细胞特性的白血病细胞中蛋白质组分的差异性。

研究人员发现,癌症干细胞中名为BCAT1的酶类水平较高,在癌症复发期间其水平依然会不断增加,因此研究者认为BCAT1或许和癌细胞对疗法耐受有关,有时候酶类BCAT1主要负责分解机体摄入食物中的特殊蛋白质,而研究者推测酶类BCAT1和恶性肿瘤的发生直接相关,BCAT1的过量产生会增加恶性脑瘤及乳腺癌的恶性程度。

随后研究人员通力合作阐明了BCAT1影响白血病干细胞对疗法产生耐受性的机制,还发现了此前并未发现的一种特殊过程,即能量代谢的关键分子或许也扮演着关键角色,此外,BCAT1还能够降低这种关键分子的水平,并且增加DNA分子化学标记的水平。研究者Simon Raffel博士说道,这些依附在DNA上的小型甲基化基团能够确定特殊基因是否被开启还是沉默,从而就会对所有的细胞功能产生广泛的影响。

在另外30%的AML病例中,研究者发现,其它酶类的缺失或许也会诱发相同的结果,其会增加促癌DNA甲基化的发生,AML被认为是一种基因改变的极端异常模式,然而甲基化的错误调节似乎是恶性疾病所共有的特性。最后研究者Trumpp说道,本文研究发现,BCAT1能够驱动AML干细胞和其它癌症干细胞出现促癌变的DNA甲基化发生,这或许就会后期开发新型疗法提供了新的思路。未来研究人员有望开发出靶向性的制剂来阻断该酶类的功能,从而促进DNA甲基化变得正常,进而降低癌症的扩散及其对疗法的耐受性。

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    2018-09-02 一叶知秋
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    2017-11-15 xxxx1054
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    2017-11-13 doctorJiangchao

    谢谢分享.

    0