Lancet:呼吸道样本SARS-CoV-2 检测转阴后,粪便样本可能长时间仍为阳性

2020-03-21 医咖会 医咖会

近日,Lancet子刊《Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology》刊登了中山大学附属第五医院研究团队的文章《Prolonged presence of SARS

近日,Lancet子刊《Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology》刊登了中山大学附属第五医院研究团队的文章《Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples》,详细记录了该院收治的COVID-19患者患病和隔离期间呼吸道样本和粪便样本的SARS-CoV-2实时RT-PCR检测结果。

诊疗方案推荐实时RT-PCR来检测COVID-19,疑似感染SARS-CoV-2的患者连续两次呼吸道样本检测呈阳性,可被确诊。针对已确诊患者,研究人员每1-2天收集一次患者的呼吸道和粪便样本,直至连续两次得到阴性结果。研究者从病历中获取患者的人口统计学、患病史、临床指标和治疗信息。该研究得到中山大学附属第五医院医学伦理委员会的批准,并获得参与者的知情同意。

样本检测结果

2020年1月16日至3月15日,研究共招募了98位患者,收集到了74名(76%)患者的呼吸道和粪便样本。自发病以来,74例患者中,有33例(45%)患者粪便样本的SARS CoV-2 RNA检测呈阴性,呼吸道样本检测阳性的平均持续时间为15.4天(SD 6.7)。

有41(55%)例患者的粪便样本和呼吸道样本的SARS CoV-2 RNA检测均呈阳性,呼吸道样本阳性的平均持续时间为16.7天(SD 6.7),而粪便样本检测呈阳性的平均持续时间为27.9天(SD 10.7),即粪便样本比呼吸道样本的平均持续时间长11.2天(SD 9.2)。

下图显示了这41名粪便样本阳性患者的完整病程。值得注意的是,患者1在呼吸道样本检测转阴后,粪便样本检测仍连续33天呈阳性,患者4在发病后47天内粪便样本的检测仍呈阳性(表S2)。

图. 41名粪便样本阳性患者的完整病程


表S2. 粪便阳性患者的情况

与临床症状的相关性

表S1显示了患者的临床特征。研究发现,胃肠道症状的出现与粪便样本病毒RNA检测阳性无相关性(p=0.45);疾病严重程度与粪便样本阳性持续时间延长无相关性(p=0.60);抗病毒治疗与粪便样本中病毒RNA检测阳性呈正相关(p=0.025),但可能会受到混杂因素的干扰,因此应谨慎解释这些相关性。


表S1. 入组患者的临床特征

讨论
本研究的数据表明,粪便中病毒脱落的持续时间可能会延长,在呼吸道样本SARS-CoV-2 RNA检测转阴后近5周内,粪便样本中仍可能检测到。目前对SARS-CoV-2病毒存活能力的了解仍很有限,不过该病毒可在环境中存活数天,这就可能导致粪-口传播。因此,强烈建议在患者呼吸道样本病毒RNA转阴后,常规对粪便样本进行实时RT-PCR检测。如果住院或自我隔离患者的粪便样本检测呈阳性,则应采取严格的预防措施以防止传播。

本文数据表明,粪便样本中SARS-CoV-2 RNA的阳性检出通常滞后于呼吸道样本。因此,不建议在现有COVID-19诊断流程中增加粪便样本检测。但是,决定何时停止对COVID-19康复患者实施预防措施至关重要,作者建议对康复患者增加粪便的SARS-CoV-2 RNA检测。

目前,如果患者没有相关症状且痰或呼吸道样本间隔24小时的实时RT-PCR至少连续两次为阴性,则准予出院。但本研究观察到一半以上的患者,在呼吸道样本转为阴性后粪便样本仍能平均持续11.2天为阳性,这表明病毒在患者的胃肠道中活跃复制,并且在呼吸道清除病毒后仍可能发生粪-口传播。

本研究还发现,患者在呼吸道样本检测转为阴性后,通常症状会消失或症状很轻。然而,有报道表明,无症状患者也存在传播风险。尚未看到通过粪-口传播SARS-CoV-2的病例报告,这可能表明在隔离场所、医院或自我隔离时通过这种途径感染的可能性很小。但是,在类似于酒店、宿舍,火车,公共汽车和游轮等封闭式场所,可能会增加潜在的粪-口传播风险。
总结
呼吸道传播仍然是SARS-CoV-2的主要传播途径,本文的证据还不足以为呼吸道样本阴性但粪便样本阳性的患者制定切实可行的措施。还需要进一步研究SARS-CoV-2在粪便中的存活能力和感染能力。

原始出处:
Yongjian Wu,et al. Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples. Lancet. Published:March 19, 2020

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    2020-12-17 howi
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    2021-03-02 zhzhxiang
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    2020-11-29 hukaixun
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    2020-03-23 zhmscau
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    2020-03-23 小刀医生
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    2020-03-23 Homburg

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