NATURE:研究发现如何准确、高效避免癌症复发

2017-04-27 sunshine2015 来宝网

科学家发现,肺肿瘤中不稳定的染色体增加了手术后癌症复发的风险,并且在标准测试之前很长时间就已经利用这种新知识来检测复发。这些是来自英国“癌症研究”中心资助的TRACERx肺癌研究的第一个发现,今天(星期三)在新英格兰医学与自然杂志上发表。

科学家发现,肺肿瘤中不稳定的染色体增加了手术后癌症复发的风险,并且在标准测试之前很长时间就已经利用这种新知识来检测复发。这些是来自英国“癌症研究”中心资助的TRACERx肺癌研究的第一个发现,今天(星期三)在新英格兰医学与自然杂志上发表。

TRACERx是第一个针对癌症的实时和具体细节的研究。研究人员将持续跟踪患者从诊断到手术后的疾病复发或治愈的情况,跟踪和分析癌症的发展情况。

伦敦弗朗西斯克里克研究所首席研究员Charles Swanton教授说:“TRACERx研究是英国癌症研究公司对肺癌研究的最大投资,这是我们第一次揭示肿瘤发展和逃避治疗(癌症导致死亡的主要原因)方面的新见解。

“我们认为,TRACERx中产生的宝贵资料将被世界各地的研究团队获取,帮助我们回答更多关于肺癌生物学的问题,我们只是通过观察肿瘤进展来描绘在这样的细节上可能的表现 “。

在“新英格兰医学杂志”今天公布的一项研究中,科学家分析了100例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的肿瘤。他们发现不稳定的染色体的存在是肿瘤内遗传多样性背后的助推动力。

他们还表明,肿瘤中不稳定染色体比例高的患者在两年内就有超过四分之一可能出现癌症复发或死于疾病的可能性。

这是因为遗传多样化的肿瘤更有可能发展,扩散和产生耐药性,使得患者的癌症难以治疗。

UCL癌症研究所的主要作者Mariam Jamal-Hanjani博士说:“确定肿瘤内遗传多样性与患者生存之间的关系是TRACERx的主要目标之一,因此在研究中早期找到证据是真的很鼓舞人心的。

“我们还通过研究确定了什么导致肺癌的发展,为我们提供了洞察生物过程,塑造疾病的演变的可能性。

随着这一发现,研究人员进行了第二次研究,今天在“自然”杂志上发表,该研究主要调查这种遗传多样性是否可以进行临床追踪。

通过使用100例患者中的96例血液样本,他们证明了存在于非小细胞肺癌中的遗传缺陷的拼接可以通过使用从肿瘤(循环肿瘤DNA)断裂的血液中得到的的DNA位进行监测。

然后他们分析了手术后的24例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的血液,准确地确定了90%以上的注定发生肺癌复发的患者,这比通过临床影像来确诊疾病复发提前了一年还多。

这一发现为肺癌新药试验开辟了许多尝试预防复发的机会和道路。

手术后从化疗中监测益处目前不可能实现,因为患者经常没有疾病的任何临床症状。

考虑到这一点,该研究小组还比较了手术前和化疗后患者的循环肿瘤DNA的水平。

当化疗后血液中的肿瘤DNA水平没有降低时,疾病就复发了,这表明了至少部分肿瘤已经变得具有了耐药性。

这些结果提供了一种新的手段来监测手术后的治疗,并指出了靶向针对部分肿瘤的新的治疗方法,这些肿瘤通常对很多现有的治疗方法都有一定的抵抗力。

位于UCL癌症研究所的循环肿瘤DNA研究的主要作者Christopher Abbosh博士说:“未来可以为患者提供个性化治疗,以针对手术后复发的部分癌症。

“使用循环肿瘤DNA,我们可以识别可能复发的患者。即使没有临床症状,也可以监测治疗效果。

“这反映了手术后肺癌复发的新希望,而肺癌复发通常发生在所有患者中的一半以上。”

英国癌症研究所首席科学家卡伦·沃登教授说:“肺癌造成了英国所有癌症死亡的五分之一以上的死亡,存活率在过去40年中只是有所改善,了解这些高度复杂的过程是非常具有挑战性的,这两项研究的贡献是朝正确方向迈出的重要一步。

“这些发现也可以帮助我们确定肺癌如何应对治疗,建立更大的疾病图景,并指出开发新疗法的方法,并且至关重要的是可以挽救更多的生命。”

TRACERx涉及来自全国19个中心的225位研究人员和临床医师的合作,并得到了弗朗西斯·克里克研究所,UCL癌症研究所,伦敦大学伦敦医院生物医学研究中心,皇家学会,阿喀琉斯治疗学研究所,Illumina,Natera 和Rosetrees Trust的支持。

Rosetrees Trust首席执行官Sam Howard表示:“Rosetrees Trust很高兴从一开始就支持Swanton教授和TRACERx项目,我们一直相信这项研究的重要性,优秀研究人员团队及其他们对人类影响的潜力“。

原始出处:

Jamal-Hanjani, M., Wilson, G.A., McGranahan, N., et al. TRACERx - Tracking Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Evolution. New England Journal of Medicine. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1616288

Abbosh, C., Birkbak, N, J., Wilson, G, A., et al. Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early stage lung cancer evolution. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/nature22364

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    2017-11-02 liye789132251
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    2017-05-07 卡圣

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2017-05-01 卡圣

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-05-01 大爰

    学习并分享!!

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