Dermatology:儿童特应性皮炎皮肤鼻部微生物群及其与微丝蛋白基因突变的关系

2022-02-17 医路坦克 MedSci原创

特应性皮炎(AD)是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病,FLG突变是AD易感性最强的遗传风险因素,本文调查了有和没有FLG突变的AD儿童鼻部、皮损和非皮损皮肤的微生物群的差异。

     特应性皮炎(AD)是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病,主要见于儿童。这种情况的特点是皮肤干燥、瘙痒,并伴有湿疹皮损,表现出与年龄相关的分布。AD的发病机制很复杂,包括皮肤微生物群的改变、表皮屏障功能障碍和免疫学改变。

    AD患者皮肤微生物群的特点是细菌多样性低,金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌丰度高,丙酸杆菌、链球菌、不动杆菌、棒状杆菌和普雷沃特氏菌属丰度低。皮肤微生物群不断与皮肤屏障和免疫系统相互作用,导致AD的炎症特征。以前的研究表明,以微丝蛋白基因(flaggrin gene,FLG)突变为特征的皮肤屏障损伤会导致纤维连接蛋白结合改变,皮肤pH值升高,丝氨酸蛋白酶活性增加,这可能导致定植模式的改变。此外,AD患者激活的辅助性T细胞2型(Th2)可以下调角质层微丝蛋白的表达。

   FLG突变是AD易感性最强的遗传风险因素。文献中已经描述了多达113种不同的突变,这些突变的存在取决于种族背景。由于FLG基因的复杂性,第三个外显子编码10到12个几乎相同的重复序列,筛选该基因的突变一直是具有挑战性的。最近的一种方法,使用单分子分子反转探针(SmMIP)和下一代测序(NGS),可以对整个基因进行全面测序。这项技术不只是筛查特定于群体的突变,而是能够分析整个基因,并检测特定于群体的突变以及以前没有发表过的特定突变。

    这项研究的目的是使用一种新的smMIP测序技术来描述难治性AD儿童中FLG的整个突变背景。其次,我们描述了这一人群中的微生物群,并调查了有和没有FLG突变的AD儿童鼻部、皮损和非皮损皮肤的微生物群的差异。

   方法:对77例难治性AD患儿进行横断面研究。使用单分子分子反转探针和下一代测序对FLG的整个编码区进行突变筛查。对前鼻孔、皮损和非皮损皮肤的细菌拭子进行16S rRNA测序分析。对于皮肤样本,对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌进行了额外的qPCR。

   结果:FLG突变患者的患病率为40%,其中包括10种不同的突变。分析所有三个生态位的细菌拭子显示,生态位和FLG突变状态对整个微生物群的组成都有显著影响。使用子集分析来单独测试每个生态位的FLG突变状态的影响,并没有显示出与微生物群的显著关联。香农多样性和金黄色葡萄球菌丰度受到生态位的显著影响,但不受FLG突变的影响。

   结论:我们的结果表明,FLG突变状态对整个微生物群的影响很小,与其说是由微生物丰富度和均匀性引起的,不如说是由现有属的差异引起的。

文献来源:van Mierlo MMF,  Pardo LM,  Fieten KB,et al.The Skin and Nose Microbiome and Its Association with Filaggrin Gene Mutations in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis.Dermatology 2022 Jan 18

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    2022-02-18 医鸣惊人

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