Lancet:免疫性血小板减少症使用利妥昔单抗可改善治疗应答

2015-02-20 梁怀彬 译 MedSci原创

原发免疫性血小板减少症(Immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是一种免疫介导的自身抗体致敏的血小板被单核巨噬细胞系统破坏和血小板成熟释放障碍所致的疾病。虽然目前还相对缺乏利妥昔单抗(rituximab,美罗华)应用于ITP十分确切的治疗证据,利妥昔单抗作为一个未被临床指南正式认可的适用于本病治疗的药物也频繁应用于部分ITP患者当中,研究者在先前曾接受糖皮质激素免疫抑制治疗的未切脾

原发免疫性血小板减少症(Immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是一种免疫介导的自身抗体致敏的血小板被单核巨噬细胞系统破坏和血小板成熟释放障碍所致的疾病。虽然目前还相对缺乏利妥昔单抗(rituximab,美罗华)应用于ITP十分确切的治疗证据,利妥昔单抗作为一个未被临床指南正式认可的适用于本病治疗的药物也频繁应用于部分ITP患者当中,研究者在先前曾接受糖皮质激素免疫抑制治疗的未切脾患者中应用利妥昔单抗,以系统观察其疗效。

本实验为多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照实验,研究者搜集糖皮质激素治疗无效的成年患者(aged ≥18 years),血小板计数少于30 × 109/L。患者按照1:1随机分配到利妥昔单抗输液组(375 mg/m2持续四周)和安慰剂组。研究期间维持糖皮质激素治疗。初级终点是治疗78周内的失败率(治疗失败包括行切脾治疗或者不行切脾治疗12周疾病进展至符合切脾标准)。次级终点是治疗应答率、复发率、治疗应答状态维持时间。有效终点指标采用Kaplan-Meier方法评估。所有患者的情况都进行了评估。实验注册: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00344149.

2006年8月17至2011年6月30,研究者收集了112名患者,研究结果显示:利妥昔单抗的55名患者中有32名(58%)在78周内发生了治疗失败,对照组的54名患者中有37名(69%)治疗失败。Kaplan-Meier累计发生率为46% for rituximab vs 52% for placebo (优势比[HR] 0•89, 95% CI 0•55–1•45; p=0•65).累计总体应答率利妥昔单抗组是81%,安慰剂组是73% (p=0•15),强应答率分别是58%和50%(p=0•12),总体上呈治疗应答的人群中,利妥昔单抗组复发率68%,对照组78%,强应答的患者中,利妥昔单抗组复发率50%,安慰剂组62%。应答人群中利妥昔单抗组患者复发出现时间比安慰剂组更长(36 vs 7 weeks; p=0•01),强应答人群复发出现时间却无这种差异(76 vs 49 weeks; p=0•19)。此外两组出血发生率相当 (利妥昔单抗组21 [38%] vs 安慰剂组27 [50%] p=0•08)、感染发生率相当(22 [40%] vs 13 [24%]; p=0•09)。 

研究者在实验结束时说:尽管使用利妥昔单抗治疗后长期的治疗失败率没有减少,但是数据显示利妥昔单抗仍有一点点优势:在于其使用后有更高的治疗应答率和更久的应答维持时间。

原始出处: 
Ghanima W1, Khelif A2, Waage A3, Michel M4, Tjønnfjord GE5, Romdhan NB6, Kahrs J7, Darne B8, Holme PA5; on behalf of the RITP study group. Rituximab as second-line treatment for adult immune thrombocytopenia (the RITP trial): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 Feb 4. pii: S0140-6736(14)61495-1. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61495-1. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-11-06 howi
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    2015-03-08 daniustone

    好文章

    0

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    2015-03-02 xiaoai5777

    好文章,超赞

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