Diabetologia:糖尿病前期钝化DPP4对餐后血糖和胰岛素分泌的基因控制

2022-03-12 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

对血糖变化的反应受到维持健康个体血糖水平稳态的不同机制共同作用的影响。低效血糖稳态是临床沉默的代谢紊乱状态的基础,代表了2型糖尿病的早期发展阶段。

背景:对血糖变化的反应受到维持健康个体血糖水平稳态的不同机制共同作用的影响。低效血糖稳态是临床沉默的代谢紊乱状态的基础,代表了2型糖尿病的早期发展阶段。横断面研究一直发现,糖尿病前期(定义为空腹血糖受损和/或糖耐量受损)在看似健康的个人中有很高的患病率,估计到2030年将有超过4.7亿人患有糖尿病前期。糖尿病前期是一种异质性疾病,包括一系列不同的血糖紊乱轨迹,因此对显性2型糖尿病的发展预测不佳。与2型糖尿病相似,糖尿病前期的病因是多因素的,并由遗传和环境因素之间的相互作用推动。

对2型糖尿病易感性的遗传基础进行了深入的研究,使用多中心方法进行的全基因组关联研究已经确定超过120个不同的遗传位点是2型糖尿病的危险因素。然而,这些遗传变异仅占2型糖尿病遗传性的约20%,可能是由于遗传异质性和与环境因素的相互作用。这意味着不同的发病机制和遗传机制干预了2型糖尿病的自然病程,使得很难精确定位导致显性2型糖尿病的早期发病因素。在这种情况下,疾病前状态的基因分析提供了一个机会来确定血糖稳态控制的遗传修饰物,并揭示2型糖尿病发生前葡萄糖代谢失调的机制。已有研究表明,易患糖尿病的基因型与β细胞功能和胰岛素分泌有关。发现一些基因与健康人的糖尿病和葡萄糖损伤特征有。这说明在血糖正常的个体中研究控制胰岛素和葡萄糖代谢的遗传机制对于阐明糖尿病发生的早期代谢损伤是有帮助的。

目的:糖代谢失衡是临床上无症状的糖尿病前期(定义为空腹血糖受损和/或糖耐量受损)的特征,代表了导致2型糖尿病的代谢紊乱轨迹。CD26/二肽基肽酶4(DPP4)是临床上已被证实的糖尿病控制药物的分子靶点,但DPP4基因对血糖异常的控制尚未得到证实。

方法:我们分析了DPP4基因对OGTT后胰岛素释放反应的遗传控制,在以欧洲血统为主的葡萄牙人群队列中,包括正常血糖和前驱糖尿病的个体,以及DPP4缺乏和高能量饮食的小鼠实验模型。

结果:在血糖正常的个体中,DPP4单核苷酸变异控制血糖漂移(rs4664446,p=1.63x10−7)和C肽释放反应(rs2300757,p=6.86x10−5)。在OGTT后30min,DPP4基因与血糖水平的相关性更强,但在OGTT后反应的后期阶段,检测到与胰岛素分泌的遗传控制更高的相关性,这表明DPP4基因直接感觉到葡萄糖挑战。因此,在喂养正常食物而不是高脂肪食物的小鼠中,我们发现,在OGTT下,DPP4在小鼠肝脏中的表达在30分钟时被强烈下调。值得注意的是,在糖尿病前期个体中没有发现遗传关联,这表明糖尿病前期患者OGTT后由DPP4控制的现象被取消。此外,DPP4KO小鼠提供了一致的证据,证明DPP4在正常血糖状态下调节OGTT后C肽的释放,而不是代谢异常状态。

表1 糖尿病前期人群中NGT和糖尿病前期参与者的糖代谢变量

图1 NGT和糖尿病前期参与者中DPP4基因与OGTT后血糖和C肽水平的关系。(a,b)T h e A U C of h h e葡萄糖漂移(A)和C肽反应AUC(0-12 0min)(B)计算每个受试者的血糖漂移(A)和C肽反应AUC(0-12 0min)(B)。小提琴曲线图代表了736名NGT(蓝色)和233名糖尿病前期(橙色)受试者的表型分布的概率密度、中位数、IQR和95%CI。*p<0.001,非配对t检验(Mann-Whitney)。(C)正常血糖受试者(蓝圈,皮尔逊相关,R2=0.193,p<0.001)和糖尿病前期受试者(橙色圆圈,皮尔森相关,R2=0.055,p=0.0002)的血糖AUC和C肽AUC(0-120min)的相关性。(d,e)DPP4基因区33个SNP的数量性状位点分析图,检测(D)NGT参与者(蓝圈)和糖尿病前期参与者(橙圈)的(D)血糖AUC和(E)C肽AUC(0-120min)水平的相关性。结果表示等位基因关联的标称log10(p值),2号染色体上的SNP位置用Mb表示,图上方的条形表示DPP4基因区域。(f,g)小提琴曲线图rs2909449基因型对NGT受试者(绿色,祖先等位基因纯合子;蓝色,杂合子;黄色,次要等位基因纯合子)OGTT期间血糖AUC(F)和C肽AUC(0-120min)(G)的影响。*p<0.001,**p<0.01,*p<0.001经Kruskal-Wallis检验,经Dunn‘s校正进行多重比较。这些曲线图代表了总共736名NGT参与者每个基因型类别的表型分布的概率密度、中位数、IQR和95%CI。染色体CHR

表2 NGT患者OGTT后30分钟和120分钟时DPP4与血糖和C肽水平的相关性峰值

图2 DPP4与正常饮食或HCD下的小鼠实验性OGTT后反应有关。(A)灌胃1.5g/kg葡萄糖(Gluc)前和30min后的血糖水平(Gluc T30)。(b,c)小鼠DPP4基因在灌胃1.5g/kg葡萄糖(Gluc T30)或加水后T30的m R NA在十二指肠(Duod.)、空肠(Jeju.)。和回肠(Ile.)。(B)肝脏(C)。表达水平恢复到内源性对照小鼠GAPDH的表达水平,而对照组小鼠的十二指肠(B)或r l i v e r(C)表达水平则恢复到平均值。数值以对数刻度表示,每组n=5-25只小鼠。(D)采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测正常饮食C57BL/6(B6)和DPP4KO小鼠OGTT前(0)、OGTT后15、30、60和120min及HCD后6周的血清C肽水平。曲线图表示AUC(0-120min),n=4-12只/组。*p<0.001,**p<0.01和*p<0.001(使用图基的corr e c t i的单因素方差分析

结论:这些结果表明,DPP4基因是OGTT后水平的重要决定因素,其机制在糖尿病前期是被废除的。我们认为DPP4控制OGTT后胰岛素反应的损伤是2型糖尿病早期代谢紊乱的分子机制的一部分。

原文出处:Patarrão RS,  Duarte N,  Coelho I,et al.Prediabetes blunts DPP4 genetic control of postprandial glycaemia and insulin secretion.Diabetologia 2022 Feb 22

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    2022-10-16 baoya
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    2022-09-28 gwc392
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    2022-03-14 oliver176

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