JAMA Psychiatry:维生素B12或可减缓大脑衰老

2016-05-12 Seven L MedSci原创

瑞典斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡学院阿尔茨海默氏症和衰老研究中心的Babak Hooshmand博士同事发现,维生素B12基线水平更高的个体,其大脑总体积损失程度更低,而同型半胱氨酸水平更高的个体,其大脑总体积损失程度更高。或者说,个体循环中同型半胱氨酸水平的增加与衰老加速有关,维生素B12水平的增加与衰老速度的减缓有关。研究成果在线发表于JAMA Psychiatry。研究者分析了501名≥60岁的

瑞典斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡学院阿尔茨海默氏症和衰老研究中心的Babak Hooshmand博士及其同事发现,维生素B12基线水平更高的个体,其大脑总体积损失程度更低,而同型半胱氨酸水平更高的个体,其大脑总体积损失程度更高。或者说,个体循环中同型半胱氨酸水平的增加与衰老加速有关,维生素B12水平的增加与衰老速度的减缓有关。研究成果在线发表于JAMA Psychiatry

研究者分析了501名≥60岁的人群数据,所有参与者在纳入研究时不伴有痴呆,这其中的299名参与者在2001年至2009年重复行了大脑MRI。在纳入研究时和后续的随访过程中,均对患者进行了临床检查、询问和评估。研究者收集了 参与者社会人口学特征、病史、药物使用和认知功能等相关数据。

在纳入研究时通过血液样本获取了参与者循环中基线维生素B12、红细胞叶酸和含硫氨基酸水平,在超过6年的时间里,探究这些值与脑组织体积(TBT)和总白质高信号(WMH)的变化的关系。

基线到随访6年,平均TBT体积从74.3%下降到71.6%(P < .001),平均WMH体积从0.0004%增加到0.0007% (P < .001)。多因素校正线性混合模型分析显示,基线维生素B12和全反钴氨素(维生素B12的生物活性成分)水平的增加与TBT体积损失率的降低有关,每增加1 SD,β值分别为0.048 (P < .001)和0.040 (P = .002)。

此外,研究人员发现,同型半胱氨酸水平每增加1 SD, TBT体积损失率加快,β值为 -0.035 (P = .02)。不仅如此,同型半胱氨酸水平的增加还与收缩压 >140 mmHg的个体的WMH进展加速有关(0.000019/1 SD)(P = .047)。

研究结果没有发现红细胞叶酸和其他含硫氨基酸与大脑衰老间的关系。

研究者写道:“维生素B12和同型半胱氨酸可能是非痴呆中老年人大脑衰老的独立预测因子。如果这之间存在因果关系,那么补充维生素B就可以预防随着同型半胱氨酸水平增加带来的脑损伤。不过这种做法是否有效,还需要更多更有效力的随机临床试验来验证。”

评论:

美国达拉斯德克萨斯大学西南医学中心精神神经内分泌研究项目的主任和精神病学教授E. Sherwood Brown博士在Medscape Medical News上评论说,该研究十分有趣,虽然先前也有相似的研究发表,但是从纵向方面做研究,探究维生素水平作为大脑改变的预测因素是比较新颖的,可能会在预防认知能力下降或脑容量下降或老年痴呆症方面提供一些新的见解。

Brown博士强调道,研究人员还将一系列与维生素B12和同型半胱氨酸水平相关的变量纳入考虑,很难分清楚这些关系是维生素B12和同型半胱氨酸本身所致,还是与这两种标志物相关的其他生活健康因素所致,不过这些也是情有可原的限制。

Brown博士希望在以后同时看到脑结构数据和认识数据,以确定该发现的临床相关性,以及维生素和同型半胱氨酸水平的多种评估措施。

Brown博士总结道,该研究中还有一些其他需要注意的地方,就算这几者之间存在联系,但是效果也是很微弱的。我们应该认为这些因素是可能影响大脑衰老的众多因素之一。

Hooshmand博士同意Brown博士所说的,对维生素B12和同型半胱氨酸进行多种评估是有价值的。他补充说:“超过6年的时间里对大脑进行3次检测是很好的,如果在这期间里对维生素B12的检测也能达到3次,那么将会更好。”在未来的研究中将会采取多种维生素评估措施。

无论如何,Hooshmand博士都相信该研究的发现,维生素B12和大脑体积损失之间具有一定的联系,在以后还需要随机对照试验,评估维生素B12的补充能否预防大脑衰老。

不过Hooshmand博士也在Medscape Medical News上表示,并不是每个人都能从补充维生素B12上受益,只有维生素B12水平低或缺乏的人群才有可能获得潜在的益处。

此外Hooshmand博士还指出,VITACOG研究(一项单中心、双盲、随机对照试验)中的271名年龄超过70岁的轻度认识障碍的参与者补充了大剂量的叶酸、维生素B6和B12。与正常维生素和同型半胱氨酸水平的人群相比,他们大脑损失速度更慢,意味着补充维生素B12可能会让高水平同型半胱氨酸或维生素缺乏者(临床或生化)受益。

附:VITACOG研究(VITACOG, ISRCTN 94410159)

背景:在老年人中,脑萎缩率会加速,特别是那些受认知能力下降的患者。同型半胱氨酸是脑萎缩、认知障碍和痴呆的一个危险因素。膳食中国的维生素可能会降低血浆同型半胱氨酸水平。

目的:补充维生素能否降低血浆总同型半胱氨酸水平,进而降低轻度认知功能障患者脑萎缩率。

方法:纳入271名年龄超过70岁的轻度认识障碍的患者,其中187名志愿在研究开始和结束时行头颅MRI检查。患者被随机分为两组,一组补充叶酸(0.8 mg/d)、维生素B6(20 mg/d)和B12(0.5 mg/d),另一组则为安慰剂对照组,治疗24个月。主要结局指标为MRI下全脑萎缩速度的变化。
结果:共有168名患者的数据用于分析,试验组和对照组分别有85和83名患者,两组的平均每年脑萎缩速率分别为0.76% [95% CI, 0.63-0.90]和1.08% [0.94-1.22](P =  0.001)。治疗反应与基线同型半胱氨酸水平相关:试验组同型半胱氨酸水平 >13 µmol/L的患者,其脑萎缩速率下降53%(P =  0.001)。脑萎缩速率越快,最终认知测试分数越低。两组间严重不良事件发生无差异。

结论:或许可以通过补充B族维生素降低同型半胱氨酸水平,进而降低老年人脑萎缩速率。

原始出处:

Babak Hooshmand,Francesca Mangialasche,et al.Association of Vitamin B12, Folate, and Sulfur Amino Acids With Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures in Older Adults.JAMA Psychiatry. Published online April 27, 2016. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0274

Liam Davenport.Vitamin B12 May Slow Brain Aging.May 11, 2016

Smith AD, Smith SM,et al.Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial.PLoS One. 2010 Sep 8;5(9):e12244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012244.


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    0

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    2016-05-14 马龙

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