Circulation:多学科讨论:二甲双胍能预防糖尿病患者冠脉钙化风险?

2017-08-24 吴星 环球医学

糖尿病是冠心病的等危症。尽管对冠心病风险因素进行强化管理,但仍然存在相当多的糖尿病相关的冠心病风险,这表明这些靶向冠心病的临床干预措施在确定的糖尿病患者中的益处存在局限性。2017年7月,《Circulation》的一项研究调查了长期使用二甲双胍和生活方式改善对于糖尿病冠脉钙化的影响。



糖尿病是冠心病的等危症。尽管对冠心病风险因素进行强化管理,但仍然存在相当多的糖尿病相关的冠心病风险,这表明这些靶向冠心病的临床干预措施在确定的糖尿病患者中的益处存在局限性。2017年7月,《Circulation》的一项研究调查了长期使用二甲双胍和生活方式改善对于糖尿病冠脉钙化的影响。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

背景:尽管通过强化危险因素管理,降低了糖尿病和糖尿病前期人群的冠心病发病率,但他们的冠心病风险仍然较高。糖尿病预防措施可能可以降低冠心病风险。在DPP(糖尿病预防方案)和DPPOS(糖尿病预防方案结局研究)中考察了上述假设。研究数据来源于上述研究,其为一项长期干预研究,表明,3234例糖尿病前期受试者(年龄64±10岁)在超过3.2 年中,与安慰剂相比,生活方式和二甲双胍可降低糖尿病风险。

方法:DPPOS对所有受试者提供定期小组性质的生活方式活动,并在原始随机二甲双胍组持续使用二甲双胍。平均随访14年,采用冠状动脉钙化(CAC)测量,评价了2029例受试者的亚临床动脉粥样硬化。CAC评分通过CAC是否存在(CAC评分>0)和CAC严重程度进行定量和分类分析,并对男性和女性分别进行研究。

结果:无论是男性还是女性,生活方式与安慰剂组之间的CAC没有差异。与安慰剂组相比,男性中二甲双胍组的CAC严重程度和发生率均显着较低(通过年龄调整平均CAC严重程度,39.5 vs 66.9 AU,P=0.04;CAC发生率 75% vs 84%,P=0.02),但在女性中没有发现二甲双胍的这一影响。在多变量分析中,二甲双胍对男性的影响不受人口特征、人体测量数据或代谢因素、糖尿病进展或他汀药物使用的影响。

结论:二甲双胍或可预防糖尿病前期或早期糖尿病男性出现冠状动脉粥样硬化。

多学科讨论记实:

二甲双胍是当前全球应用最广泛的口服降糖药之一。近些年来,各大糖尿病专业学术团体更纷纷发布指南指出:对于2型糖尿病,除非存在特殊禁忌,均应从开始就使用二甲双胍治疗,且联合治疗方案中也应包括二甲双胍。

二甲双胍可能通过减少心血管疾病的风险因素而达到心血管保护作用。二甲双胍目前已经被证实可以降低血糖、改善NAFLD和IR(尤其是肝脏和肌肉)、减轻体质量、改善血脂(主要是改善TG、LDL-C及TC水平,对HDL-C改变不明显)和抗凝等。此外,二甲双胍可以直接改善血管内皮细胞功能,增加血流量。

该研究表明二甲双胍或对糖尿病前期人群冠状动脉粥样硬化有获益。

上述发现增加了对二甲双胍或可在糖尿病发病早期保护免受动脉粥样硬化血管疾病的证据的依据,并可能扩大这一作用的范围,包括对高危男性糖尿病前期患者的作用。这些发现是否会转化为对心血管疾病事件的有益影响需要持续的随访。

原始出处:

Goldberg RB, Aroda VR, Bluemke DA, et al. Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium. Circulation. 2017 Jul 4;136(1):52-64. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025483. Epub 2017 May 5.

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二甲双胍是最常用于治疗2型糖尿病的药物。证据表明,二甲双胍可能会降低2型糖尿病患者的死亡率,但这种作用的机制尚不清楚,二甲双胍治疗无糖尿病患者的疗效尚未确定。如果二甲双胍有利地影响了非糖尿病患者的死亡率,那么它可能具有更广泛的治疗效用。研究人员评估了二甲双胍对代谢正常猪心肌能量和缺血性心室颤动(VF)的影响。

J Gastroen Hepatol:二甲双胍可降低直肠腺瘤风险

研究表明,服用二甲双胍可降低直肠腺瘤风险,特别是对于结直肠肿瘤史和糖尿病等高风险人群

Diabetes Care:生活方式干预、二甲双胍与认知的关系

2002年, 美国糖尿病预防项目研究组(Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group,DPP)花费巨资做了一个多中心大样本随机临床试验来检验生活方式和药物是否可以预防糖尿病, 并且因为效果太好而提前结束而公布,这个研究结果发表在NEJM上,后来又对这些人群进行长期随访观察,陆续发表了一系列研究成果。DDP研究共纳入2280名人群中,平均年龄63.1

J Periodontol:1%二甲双胍凝胶对罹患中/重度慢性牙周炎患者的治疗效果研究:一项临床随机对照试验

这篇研究的目的是为了评估1%二甲双胍(MF)凝胶作为洁治和根面平整术(SRP)的辅助药物治疗中/重度慢性牙周炎的效果。

盘点:神药——二甲双胍又有哪些新用处?

二甲双胍在国内外多种指南中被推举为一线降糖药物。这样推荐的主要理由是该药具有肯定的降糖作用、低血糖风险小、对体重没有不利影响,并且价格较低廉。这些特点使得二甲双胍较其他传统降糖药物具有一定优势。这里梅斯小编整理了近期关于二甲双胍新的治疗用处的重要研究进展与大家一同分享。【1】瞄准肿瘤能量源治疗头颈癌在过去的三年里,研究人员发现当患有头颈癌的糖尿病人服用二甲双胍时,其癌症治疗效果比非糖尿病人更好。为

Diabetes Obes Metab:二甲双胍预防胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者体重增加不能用减少能量摄入来解释!

由此可见,二甲双胍预防体重增加不能通过减少能量摄入来解释。