NEJM:农业生产方式对儿童哮喘的影响

2016-08-07 MedSci MedSci原创

无论在人还是小鼠的研究结果表明,传统农业生产方式的环境通过影响儿童先天免疫反应发挥对儿童哮喘的保护性效应。

随着现代科技发展,现代工业化的农业生产技术日益取代传统的耕作方法。这无疑给全球农业带来福音,而然对当地疾病谱的影响也是巨大的。

来自美国芝加哥大学的Sperling教授及其团队84在顶级医学期刊《The New England Journal of Medicine》上发表文章揭示了两种不同的农业生产方式对儿童哮喘发病率的影响。

美国亚米希人和哈特教派人这两个不同民族的人民在生活方式上有很多地方都非常相似,但他们在农业生产的手段方面,这两个民族的人民有着截然不同的差异;亚米希人遵循传统的耕作方法,而哈特教派人则采用现代工业化的农业生产技术。然而,在哮喘的患病率上,这两个民族的人群也存在着显着的差异,免疫反应在这些差异产生中发挥的作用鲜为人知。 

Sperling的研究分析了60个亚米希和哈特教派儿童的详细资料,包括生活的环境因素、遗传血统和免疫谱等,以及通过测量环境中的过敏原和内毒素水平,并评估室内灰尘样品中微生物的成分;收集儿童血液测定血清中IgE水平、细胞因子、基因表达和外周血白细胞表型。另外,在实验性过敏性哮喘小鼠模型评估了从亚米希和哈特教派人家里提取的尘埃对小鼠免疫和气道反应的影响。

Sperling教授及其团队的研究结果提示尽管两个民族的儿童在遗传祖先和生活方式方面很类似没有明显差异,但亚米希儿童发生哮喘和过敏的几率要比哈特教派人分别低4倍和6倍,而在亚米希居住的房屋内尘埃中的内毒素水平要比哈特教派人高6.8倍。对两个民族房屋内灰尘样本进行的微生物组成分析,发现也存在着显著的差异,提示传统农业环境让儿童暴露于更多微生物的环境中。

两组儿童之间先天免疫细胞的比例、表型和功能的也有明显的不同,提示亚米希儿童发生哮喘和过敏较低的原因可能是机体先天免疫反应激活的结果。在实验性过敏性哮喘小鼠模型上,与哈特教派人居住的房屋内提取的尘埃相比,用从亚米希人居住的房屋内提取的尘埃滴鼻后能够产生更加明显的抑制气道高反应性和嗜酸性粒细胞的作用。这些保护作用在敲除了MyD88TRIF分子(在天然免疫信号传导中起关键作用的两个分子)的小鼠就不复存在了。

无论在人还是小鼠的研究结果表明,亚米希人居住的环境通过影响儿童先天免疫反应发挥对儿童哮喘的保护性效应。

原始出处:

Michelle M. Stein, et al. Innate Immunity and Asthma Risk in Amish and Hutterite Farm Children. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:411-421. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1508749

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    2016-09-18 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错哦继续关注

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    2016-09-08 ylzr123

    好文章赞一个。

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    2016-08-09 tanxingdoctor

    不错的文章

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