遏制抗生素不合理使用

2018-02-02 张贤尉 上海药讯

张贤尉药师 上海交通大学附属第一人民医院临床药学科 当今社会飞速发展,医学药学不断进步,各种高新科技也不断从实验室走向人们的日常生活。可是,抗生素的研发却早已遇到瓶颈,自从上世纪九十年代后,便再无新型种类抗生素被发现或合成了。因此,为避免“超级细菌”的出现、避免回到抗生素问世前那可怕的时期,遏制抗生素的不合理应用已经成了一项刻不容缓的任务。 抗生素与细菌 不同抗生素对不同细


张贤尉药师   上海交通大学附属第一人民医院临床药学科

当今社会飞速发展,医学药学不断进步,各种高新科技也不断从实验室走向人们的日常生活。可是,抗生素的研发却早已遇到瓶颈,自从上世纪九十年代后,便再无新型种类抗生素被发现或合成了。因此,为避免“超级细菌”的出现、避免回到抗生素问世前那可怕的时期,遏制抗生素的不合理应用已经成了一项刻不容缓的任务。

抗生素与细菌

不同抗生素对不同细菌有着独特的杀伤作用,甚至有些抗生素对霉菌、支原体、衣原体等病原微生物也有良好的抑制或杀灭作用。抗生素的来源既有微生物的代谢产物,也有人工合成的化合物。目前市面上使用的抗生素品种数早已达到三位数,其通过破坏细菌细胞结构、抑制菌体蛋白质合成、阻碍细胞分裂繁殖等途径发挥抑菌或杀菌作用。

耐药菌的出现

自然界总是存在着奇特的生态平衡,当人类不断发现新品种抗生素的同时,各种病原菌也在不断获得耐药性,从而降低抗生素的杀菌作用。当长期应用抗生素时,原来占多数的药物敏感菌株不断被杀灭,而原来只是少数的耐药菌株却具有了更大的生存优势,它们伺机大量繁殖,致使其对该种药物的耐药力不断升高。这也是产生耐药菌的主要原因。

为了我们的下一代

在抗生素和耐药菌的彼此竞相增长中,儿童成了滥用抗生素的最大受害者。儿童体内各种器官发育不成熟,滥用抗生素就容易造成肝脏功能损害;而儿童肠道功能发育尚不完善,易造成有益菌群被杀死,导致腹泻、消化不良等疾病。

合理使用抗生素刻不容缓

重视抗生素的毒副作用,减缓病原菌耐药性的出现,就必须坚持合理使用抗生素。比如对病毒性疾病(如感冒、感冒、感冒,重要的事情说三遍)不使用抗生素;对细菌性感染疾病,应根据细菌培养和药敏试验结果选用抗生素;新生儿、老年人和肝肾功能不全的人应避免或慎用某些抗生素,严格控制预防性抗生素的应用。最重要的,在应用抗生素之前一定要咨询医师或药师,并通过合法渠道获得药品。

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    2018-02-18 周周人

    学习.

    0

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    2018-02-05 周周人

    学习.

    0

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    2018-02-03 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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    2018-02-02 王秀

    学习了.涨知识了!

    0

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    2018-02-02 15991890016白熊

    学习了.

    0

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    2018-02-02 15991890016白熊

    学习知识了

    0

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