Oncogene:胰腺癌转移机制解析

2013-04-10 佚名 生物通

    胰腺癌是恶性度高、预后差的一种肿瘤,患者的5年生存率一般不到5%。由于胰腺的位置隐蔽,早期胰腺癌很难被发现,多数患者确诊时已是晚期,加之病死率极高,因此被称为“癌中之王”。  近日来自北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的研究人员证实,存在于胰腺癌周围细胞中的一种蛋白,在癌症扩散中发挥了重要作用。这一研究发现发表在3月25日的《Oncogene》杂志上。  在这篇文章中,

    胰腺癌是恶性度高、预后差的一种肿瘤,患者的5年生存率一般不到5%。由于胰腺的位置隐蔽,早期胰腺癌很难被发现,多数患者确诊时已是晚期,加之病死率极高,因此被称为“癌中之王”。
  近日来自北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的研究人员证实,存在于胰腺癌周围细胞中的一种蛋白,在癌症扩散中发挥了重要作用。这一研究发现发表在3月25日的《Oncogene》杂志上。
  在这篇文章中,北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校细胞生物学和生理学教授Carol Otey领导研究小组发现,一种称作palladin的蛋白质促进了癌相关成纤维细胞(cancer-associated fibroblasts,CAFs)装配侵入性伪足(invadopodia),打破细胞间的壁垒,为肿瘤扩散至全身建立通道。
  “越来越多的研究表明,这些细胞在癌症形成和转移中发挥作用,”Otey说。
  利用酶促作用和物理力,侵入性伪足为肿瘤细胞从原始病灶迁移至其他器官建立了通道。Otey说,研究人员利用悬浮在胶原层之间的培养癌细胞,能够观察到CAFs通过了胶原层,并记录了癌细胞迁移通过这些通道的过程。
  在以往的研究中,Otey和其他实验室的研究人员已证实,胰腺癌周围的CAFs可以表达高水平的palladin。在健康组织中,成纤维细胞是哺乳动物最常见结缔组织类型的主要细胞成分。在肿瘤细胞中,CAFs是肿瘤微环境中数量最多的细胞类型。
  研究人员一开始就将焦点放在肿瘤微环境上,近年来越来越多的证据表明非癌性细胞和癌细胞外蛋白在肿瘤形成、生长和转移中发挥了至关重要的作用。了解微环境与肿瘤之间的相互作用,有可能促使发现新的癌症治疗和筛查靶点,尤其是对于那些对直接靶向性治疗耐受的癌症。
  “这些细胞似乎伙同在一起,形成肿瘤并促进了其生长,”Otey说。
  利用药物抑制剂和基因沉默方法,Otey和研究小组发现破坏CAFs中的palladin,可以抑制细胞形成侵入性伪足的能力。与之相反,在CAFs中提高palladin的水平,可以提高小鼠模型中肿瘤的生长和转移速率。这些结果表明,palladin有可能是涉及蛋白激酶C和Cdc42的一个分子信号通路的组成部分。
  “这些结果证实,CAFs行为在调节肿瘤细胞行为中起重要作用,也指出了一条特异的分子信号通路,其有可能成为抑制肿瘤进程的一个有用的药物靶点,”Otey说。自Otey10多年前发现palladin以来,她的实验室抑制在调查这一蛋白在健康和癌细胞中的作用。在以往的研究中,她和其他研究室也曾证实高水平的palladin与肾癌患者的低生存率密切相关。Otey说,研究数据指出CAFs中的palladin表达和肿瘤进程的侵袭性之间存在强相关性。
  在未来的研究中,Otey计划进一步检测其他癌症类型中的palladin水平。

胰腺癌相关的拓展阅读:


Palladin promotes invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by enhancing invadopodia formation in cancer-associated fibroblasts.
Abstract
The stromal compartment surrounding epithelial-derived pancreatic tumors is thought to have a key role in the aggressive phenotype of this malignancy. Emerging evidence suggests that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cells in the stroma of pancreatic tumors, contribute to the tumor's invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy, but the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate CAFs behavior are poorly understood. In this study, we utilized immortalized human pancreatic CAFs to investigate molecular pathways that control the matrix-remodeling and invasion-promoting activity of CAFs. We showed previously that palladin, an actin-associated protein, is expressed at high levels in CAFs of pancreatic tumors and other solid tumors, and also in an immortalized line of human CAFs. In this study, we found that short-term exposure of CAFs to phorbol esters reduced the number of stress fibers and triggered the appearance of individual invadopodia and invadopodial rosettes in CAFs. Molecular analysis of invadopodia revealed that their composition resembled that of similar structures (that is, invadopodia and podosomes) described in other cell types. Pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA knockdown experiments demonstrated that protein kinase C, the small GTPase Cdc42 and palladin were necessary for the efficient assembly of invadopodia by CAFs. In addition, GTPase activity assays showed that palladin contributes to the activation of Cdc42. In mouse xenograft experiments using a mixture of CAFs and tumor cells, palladin expression in CAFs promoted the rapid growth and metastasis of human pancreatic tumor cells. Overall, these results indicate that high levels of palladin expression in CAFs enhance their ability to remodel the extracellular matrix by regulating the activity of Cdc42, which in turn promotes the assembly of matrix-degrading invadopodia in CAFs and tumor cell invasion. Together, these results identify a novel molecular signaling pathway that may provide new molecular targets for the inhibition of pancreatic cancer metastasis.Oncogene advance online publication, 25 March 2013; doi:10.1038/onc.2013.68.

 

 

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    2013-10-22 hongbochen
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    2013-08-11 cy0324
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    2013-04-12 zsyan
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