PHILIPS每日一例:隐匿性异位胆囊一例

2022-09-12 放射沙龙 放射沙龙

异位胆囊发病率极低,约为 0.1-0.7%,且其分布部位广泛。其中较常见为肝左叶下方、圆韧带左侧(此例即是),其他的还有横向胆囊、肝内胆囊、肝脏后胆囊和腹膜后胆囊。

异位胆囊在临床上极其罕见,且容易漏诊和误诊,来自美国 Mayo 诊所的 Julia 等报道了一个相关病例,近期发表在 Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 杂志上。

病史及影像分析

一位 69 岁的老年女性,既往有丙肝肝硬化病史,此番行 MRI 筛查,偶然发现肝胃韧带的异位胆囊,而此前该患者的所有的 MRI、CT 及超声报告几乎均为正常胆囊或胆囊已切除。

这位患者隐匿的胆囊位于肝左叶(L)及胃(S)之间(图 A、B 白箭),该位置与先前所行 CT 检查结果一致(图 C)。此后,对患者进行增强 MRI 随访,延迟期发现胆囊内充满造影剂(图 D)。


图 A、B 隐匿的胆囊位于肝左叶(L)及胃(S)之间(白箭)


图 C 箭头示先前 CT 检查时胆囊所处位置;图 D 箭头示增强 MRI 充满造影剂的胆囊

讨论

异位胆囊发病率极低,约为 0.1-0.7%,且其分布部位广泛。其中较常见为肝左叶下方、圆韧带左侧(此例即是),其他的还有横向胆囊、肝内胆囊、肝脏后胆囊和腹膜后胆囊。左侧胆囊及腹、盆腔内连着肠系膜的“漂浮胆囊”也有过报道,此外,肝硬化患者因其右叶萎缩可能出现旋转胆囊。

异位胆囊在临床上容易漏诊和误诊,特别是在没有充分禁食的被检者中,因其胆囊可能处于收缩状态或未充分舒张。

但其临床意义重大,因为远离腹膜的胆囊发生急性胆囊炎时,可能缺乏典型的腹膜炎症状,从而延误诊断;而“漂浮胆囊”有发生扭转的可能;肝左叶下方的异位胆囊可能形成 Winslow 孔疝,出于上述情况的考虑,通常建议一旦发现异位胆囊,即行胆囊切除。影像学检查对胆囊位置的准确描述有助于选择恰当的手术路径。

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    2021-11-10 chengjn
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