现代医院管理制度意见都出台了 医生自由执业还有多远?

2017-07-26 朱恒鹏 中国社科院公共政策中心

跟其他人一样,医生当然也想收入更合理,工作环境更舒心。但这些的前提是人才流动,是自由执业。养老金改革是迈向自由的第一步,打破的,只是锁链。

一、为何公立医院医疗服务定价偏低?

公立医院等传统事业单位体制的人事薪酬制度是“铁饭碗+论资排辈的平均主义大锅饭”。医生薪酬通过行政措施,按照行政等级确定,与医疗服务收费水平无关,所以医疗服务价格不会、也没必要体现医生的医疗服务价值,也没有市场机制来形成医生医疗服务和其人力资本的市场价格。

医疗服务定价偏低和“以药补医”一样,仅仅是个现象或者说结果,根本原因是整个社会经济体制已经走向市场经济体制,但医疗服务体系却依然固守传统计划体制下形成的公立医院行政垄断体制,且公立医院依然固守传统的事业单位体制,绝大部分医务人员依然保留国有事业编制身份。现行的所谓严重低于医生人力资源价值的医疗服务定价,正是传统事业单位体制的产物。我们也正是通过事业单位体制和事业编制身份实现和维持行政等级制的。

二、合理的医疗服务价格和医生收入水平应该是怎样的?

适应市场经济体制的人力资源配置和收入分配制度,应是“优胜劣汰、多劳多得、优绩优酬”。市场通过自由竞争形成的医疗服务价格和医生收入水平是供需双方充分博弈的结果,就是合理的医疗服务价格和医生收入水平,不会出现长期性的畸高畸低现象。医术高、服务态度好、接诊病人多的医生收入高。

三、为什么说在事业单位体制中存在“以药养医”是“合理”的?

现有体制下,体制内医生公开合法的收入则是由政府明文规定的事业单位薪酬水平,即“论资排辈的平均主义大锅饭”水平。市场按照“优胜劣汰、多劳多得、优绩优酬”原则确定的收入分配机制和薪酬水平,与国有事业编制身份这种铁饭碗制度形成的“论资排辈的平均主义大锅饭”收入分配机制和薪酬水平之间存在显著的冲突。两种相互冲突的人力资源配置机制和收入分配机制“和平共处”,维持这种“和平共处”局面的机制正是“以药养医”体制,现在备受诟病的以药养医体制的核心就是通过药品回扣支付医生市场化报酬的机制。

四、机关事业单位养老保险改革对医生走向自由执业有什么意义?

这一改革从制度和机制上化解此前机关事业单位和企业从业人员养老保险制度“双轨制”的矛盾,因此妨碍医生自由执业的最大制度障碍,已经从政策层面上突破了。这个决定若能尽快不折不扣地予以贯彻执行,公立医疗机构实施全员合同制改革,全员加入社会保险,医生走向自由执业已无大的制度障碍。

按照这次改革的规定,医生在公立医院之间流动、从公立医院流动到民营医院,养老保险关系转移接续已经不存在制度障碍。特别是在同一个统筹区域内流动,比如在北京、上海、广州及省会城市市内不同医疗机构之间流动,养老保险关系转移接续已经基本不存在困难,不再存在医生离开公立医疗机构就完全放弃原来养老待遇的问题。

五、让医生从单位人转变为社会人、实现自由执业,还需哪些配套改革?

1.修改《执业医师法》。取消对医生执业的限制,有合法执业资格证书的医生可以自主开办诊所,无需审批,只需在卫生监督部门备案即可。

2.改革医生职称制度。近期目标是建立适应“医、教、研、管理”不同岗位特点的职称评审体系,评聘分开。远期改革目标是和国际接轨,除教学医院外,其他医院取消职称制度。

3.限期实现医疗行业各级各类行业协会、职业协会与行政机关真正脱钩,使其成为真正意义上的社会自治组织、行业(职业)自律组织和行业(职业)权益维护组织。

4.放开非公立医疗机构位置、规模和数量限制,让民营医疗机构投资者自主选择设置地点、机构性质和机构规模。

5.取消公立医院行政级别。公立医院实施法人化改革,建立完善的法人治理结构。废除公立医院院长行政级别和国家干部身份,公立医院院长走向专业化、职业化。

6.医疗保险体制改革。医保经办部门应该尽快引入医保医师制度助推医生自由执业,引导优秀医生分流到社区,分流到民营医疗机构;利用社区医疗机构和民营医疗机构的竞争和分流能力,形成充分竞争、分级诊疗的医疗服务供给格局。对公立和民营医疗机构一视同仁,凡拥有合法医疗执业资质的各类医疗机构同等获得社会医保定点资格。

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    2017-07-26 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

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