ASCO 2014:Ramucirumab+FOLFOX作为晚期胃/食管癌一线治疗?

2014-06-02 MedSci MedSci原创

Ramucirumab(RAM),一种抗-VEGFR2单克隆抗体,在3项2期试验中可提高之前已治疗过的胃/胃食管交界处(GEJ)腺癌患者的总生存期(OS)。本项研究是将RAM作为晚期胃癌或者食管腺癌(GE-AC)一线治疗的第一次评估。 未经处理的转移性或者局部晚期不能手术切除的GE-AC(PS≤1)患者,按照1:1随机分配到mFOLFOX+RAM(8mg/kg IV)组和安慰剂组(PL),q

Ramucirumab(RAM),一种抗-VEGFR2单克隆抗体,在3项2期试验中可提高之前已治疗过的胃/胃食管交界处(GEJ)腺癌患者的总生存期(OS)。本项研究是将RAM作为晚期胃癌或者食管腺癌(GE-AC)一线治疗的第一次评估。

未经处理的转移性或者局部晚期不能手术切除的GE-AC(PS≤1)患者,按照1:1随机分配到mFOLFOX+RAM(8mg/kg IV)组和安慰剂组(PL),q14d。主要终点是无进展生存期(PFS),利用80%范围检测HR 0.71(α=0.3)。次要终点包括OS,缓解率(PR),疾病控制率(DCR),和安全性。

结果显示,2011年04月到2012年08月在美国47个网点招募了168例患者(RAM:84例 v PL:84例)。患者特征:年龄(65 v 60);男性(75% v 73%);胃(23% v 24%);GEJ(31% v 27%),食管(46% v 49%);转移性(95% v 94%)。中位PFS 6.4个月 v 6.7个月(HR 0.98[95% CI 0.69~1.37];P=0.89),OS为11.7个月 v 11.5个月(HR 1.08[95% CI 0.73~1.58])。

根据原发肿瘤位置进行亚组分析:对于食管腺癌来说,中位PFS为5.6个月 v 6.1个月(HR 1.30);对于胃/GEJ来说,PFS是8.7个月 v 7.1个月(HR 0.77[0.48~1.24];P=0.28),OS为14.6个月 v 12.5个月。在3个月时的PFS率在RAM v PL(89% v 75%;P=0.20)较高,而不是在第6,9,12个月。RR(CR,PR)45% v 46%。DCR(SD,CR,PR)85% v 67%(P=0.008)。

最常见的≥3级不良反应事件(AEs):中性粒细胞减少(27% v 36%),疲劳(18% v 15),神经病变(9% v 11%)。除了高血压,≥3级AEs是不常见的。

中位OX周期在小组见是相似的(8.5 v 9.5)。但是5-FU或者RAM/PL(均是9 v 11)的周期在RAM组较低。在RAM组中一线治疗因为非进展疾病(PD)停止更为常见:患者/医生决定(27% v 10%),AEs(21% v 6%)。

在探索性分析中,设限的PFS因非进展疾病一项治疗停止,PFS的HR支持RAM组(HR 0.76;P=0.194),主要在胃/GEJ患者中(PFS 9.3个月 v 7.6个月;HR 0.53[0.29~0.97];P=0.036)。

将RAM添加到FOLFOX方案中,不能改善中位PFS,但是显示3个月的PFS有差异,同时提高疾病控制率。在RAM v PL中较长的PFS在胃/胃食管交界处癌症患者中可以观察到。在RAM组中较高的非进展疾病停药率和较低的药物暴露可能会影响PFS评估。这些数据对于RAM治疗胃癌的临床发展至关重要。临床试验信息:NCT01246960

原文摘要

Ramucirumab (RAM) plus FOLFOX as front-line therapy (Rx) for advanced gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma (GE-AC): Randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase 2 trial.(Abstract4004

MedSci点评:

这一类研究为RAM作为一线胃/食管癌治疗打上问号。无论是OS还是PFS均不能获益。

RAM作为新型的抗淋巴管新生的单抗药物,在多种肿瘤的临床研究中,均报以很大的期望。这项研究显示,并不能改善PFS。虽然一些探索性分析提示RAM可能有优势,但这些数据毕竟是探索分析,并不足以采信。另外,所谓3个月PFS,如何合理解读?这个研究似乎提示,在患者初期使用RAM后,部分患者肿瘤得到暂时性控制,但随后肿瘤进展迅速,最终并不影响PFS。这一点表明,淋巴新生的抑制,可能在短期是有效的,但是控制淋巴管新生,疗效似乎并不能长久,这一点需要后续进行病理等手段证实。

这个研究虽然是阴性结果,但是下一步可以考虑在FOLFOX方案中同时添加RAM和贝伐单抗,同时控制新生血管和新生淋巴管,对患者是否可以获益;或者在FOLFOX方案中添加放疗方案,通过放疗破坏新生血管,同时加用淋巴管的破坏,患者是否可以获益?诸如此类,皆是可以探索的研究方向。

小知识:VEGFR2

VEGFR2(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2,血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2)。VEGFR2,又称FLK-1, 存在于血管和淋巴管内皮等处,与 VEGF-C、VEGF-D结合,调节淋巴管内皮细胞和血管内皮细胞,促进淋巴管和血管的生成,还有调节淋巴细胞的迁移等作用。

一般认为,如果该肿瘤具有淋巴转移倾向时,采用VEGFR2受体抑制剂或单克隆抗体,可以减少肿瘤的淋巴管新生,从而减弱肿瘤的倾袭与转移。但是,大部分肿瘤往往是淋巴倾袭与血管倾袭是并行发生的,因此,未来有可能将二者联用,才能取得更明显的疗效,在临床上让患者获益。

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    2014-12-03 quxin068
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    2014-07-16 snf701207
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    2014-06-04 zhouqu_8
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    2014-06-04 linlin2314
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