eLife:科学家开发出新的检测技术,通过血液捕获癌症!

2017-11-01 sunshine2015 来宝网

来自布里格姆妇女医院和达纳法伯癌症研究所的调查人员利用人工智能的力量开发出一种能早日准确检测卵巢癌的新技术。该小组已经确定了一个循环微小RNA网络 - 小的非编码遗传物质片段,与卵巢癌的风险相关,可以从血液样本中检测到。他们的发现在线上发表在eLife。

研究开发了新的血液检查来诊断卵巢癌】来自布里格姆妇女医院和达纳法伯癌症研究所的调查人员利用人工智能的力量开发出一种能早日准确检测卵巢癌的新技术。该小组已经确定了一个循环微小RNA网络 - 小的非编码遗传物质片段,与卵巢癌的风险相关,可以从血液样本中检测到。他们的发现在线上发表在eLife

当疾病处于晚期阶段时,大多数妇女才被诊断患有卵巢癌,此时只有四分之一的患者将存活至少五年。但是,对于那些癌症早期痊愈的妇女,生存率要高得多。目前,没有FDA批准的卵巢癌筛查技术,使得在具有疾病遗传倾向的患者或普通人群中的早期诊断疾病是有挑战性的。

与其他良性妇科病例如卵巢囊肿相比,卵巢癌相对较少。但早期检测,如超声检测或CA125蛋白检测,对卵巢癌的假阳性率较高。临床试验发现,当这些检测用于检测早期卵巢癌时,对生存率无明显影响。 Dana-Farber和BWH团队寻求一种工具,在检测早期疾病的真实情况方面更加敏感和具体。

该小组考察了一组称为microRNAs的分子 - 基因组的非编码区域,有助于控制基因在何时何地被激活。

“microRNAs是基因组的复制编辑者:在将基因转录成蛋白质之前,他们修改了信息,向基因组添加了校对笔记,”BWH妇产科主任Kevin Elias说。

“这个项目体现了两个研究所DFCI和BWH的协同效应以及与实验室科学家密切合作的临床医师的力量,我的实验室已经在研究miRNAs十年,资深作者Dipanjan Chowdhury博士说,DFCI放射肿瘤学系放射与基因组稳定司司长说。

在实验室,Elias和Chowdhury及其同事们确定卵巢癌细胞和正常细胞具有不同的microRNA分布。与遗传密码的其他部分不同,microRNA在血液中循环,使得可以从血清样品中测量其水平。该小组对来自135名妇女(手术前或化疗前)的血液样本中的microRNA进行了测序,以创建一个“训练集”,用于训练计算机程序,以寻找卵巢癌病例与良性肿瘤,侵袭性肿瘤和健康组织。使用这种机器学习方法,团队可以利用大量的microRNA数据并开发不同的预测模型。称为卵巢癌与良性组织最准确的模型被称为神经网络模型,其反映了微小RNA之间的复杂相互作用。

“当我们训练一台电脑找到最好的microRNA模型的时候,这有点像在夜空中识别星座,起初有很多亮点,但一旦你找到一个模式,无论你在世界哪里,你可以拿出来,“埃利亚斯说。

然后,该团队在44名女性的独立小组中测试了该测序模型,以确定测试的准确性。一旦模型的准确性得到确认,该团队将模型部署在多个患者样本集中,总共使用859个患者样本来测量模型的敏感性和特异性。新技术预测卵巢癌比超声检查好得多。而使用超声波检测结果不到5%的超声波检查结果将是卵巢癌,而使用微小RNA检测的异常结果的几乎100%实际上代表了卵巢癌。最后,该小组将其最终模型付诸实践,使用microRNA诊断测试预测了波兰罗兹的51例外科手术患者的诊断。在这个人群中,91.3%的异常检测结果是卵巢癌病例 - 假阳性率很低。阴性测试结果可靠地预测约80%的时间不存在癌症,这与巴氏涂片测试的准确性相当。

Chowdhury说:“关键是,这种测试是不太可能误诊卵巢癌,并且当没有恶性肿瘤时发出积极信号,这是有效的诊断测试的标志。”

该小组还寻找与区别性微小RNA有生物相关性的证据。他们发现手术前后收集的血液样品中这些microRNA的数量发生变化,表明在癌组织去除后,microRNA信号下降。

原始出处:

Kevin M Elias et al, Diagnostic potential for a serum miRNA neural network for detection of ovarian cancer, eLife (2017). DOI: 10.7554/eLife.28932.

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    2018-03-09 clmlylxy
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    2017-11-01 九九消寒

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Nucleic Acids Res+Nat Commun:艾滋病毒可以成功治愈癌症?是“天方夜谭”还是“有据可循”

来自加拿大的研究员Linda Chelico等表示:“我们的发现可能会改变治疗癌症的方式。”《Nucleic Acids Res》和《Nat Commun》刊登了她的最新研究成果。

J Am Acad Dermatol:临床医生应警惕——贝赛特氏症的癌症风险较高

背景:贝赛特氏症(Behçet's disease),是一种自体免疫疾病,又名白塞病(Betch’s disease,BD)是一种全身慢性疾病,基本病理改变为血管炎。临床以复发性口腔溃疡、生殖器溃疡、皮肤和眼部病变最为常见,但全身各脏器均可受累。先前的许多研究表明炎症与癌症的发展之间存在联系。然而,很少有研究探讨贝赛特氏症和癌症之间的相关性。目标:本研究旨在确定贝赛特氏症患者

Lancet Public Health:降低饮用水砷浓度上限标准后每年可预防千例癌症发生

近期Lancet Public Health在线发表了来自美国国家健康与营养调查的数据,自2006年美国环保署(EPA)将公用水砷浓度上限标准从50ug/L下调至10ug/L后,每年可预防千例肺癌、膀胱癌和皮肤癌的发生。

美国癌症患者何弃疗?

一项新的调查揭示了导致27%的美国癌症患者无奈放弃部分治疗的原因。

J Clin Oncol:年轻癌症幸存者中HPV疫苗接种率调查

处于青少年或青年期的癌症幸存者因接受过抗肿瘤治疗,可能面临免疫功能下降,此外,这一年龄群体处于性活跃,因此,感染HPV的风险较高。近期,JCO发布的一项研究,调查了年轻癌症幸存者中HPV疫苗接种率,发现这类人群的HPV接种率较同年龄大众群体低,值得引发关注。

1/3癌症可治愈!心态是理想的抗癌神器

如果尽早发现并积极治疗,1/3癌症是可以被治愈的。