Translational Psychiatry:岛叶形态学改变与精神障碍临床表型相关

2021-06-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

该研究发现较小的脑岛体积在精神病中遵循前后梯度,并为精神病谱障碍提供广泛的风险。脑皮质褶皱减少是精神分裂症特有的,可能反映出产前发育的改变导致认知障碍。

脑岛是位于大脑侧裂深处的异质大脑结构,涉及大量的人类行为和精神体验。脑岛常被认为是大脑的第五叶,是第一个发育和分化的皮质区域,从胎儿出生六周开始。岛叶是一个异质性皮质区域,由三个细胞结构不同的亚区域(颗粒状、非颗粒状和颗粒状)组成,它们横贯前后轴,不同程度地参与情感、认知和体感处理。由于脑岛在各种认知、情感和调节功能中的不同作用,它与精神疾病的关系越来越密切,特别是在精神疾病中的作用。脑岛异常在精神疾病中普遍存在,包括结构改变、异常静息状态功能连接和基于任务的激活改变。在精神病谱系障碍中,岛叶体积较小的报道是一致的,并被推测部分原因是神经发育异常。

为了更好地了解精神疾病中岛叶异常的区域和诊断特异性,它们的发展病因和临床相关性,Julia M. Sheffield等对一大批成年精神障碍患者(精神分裂症谱系,精神分裂症谱系)的岛叶体积和形态进行了特征分析。提出了以下目标:(1)描述精神病谱系中岛叶亚区域的体积和表面形态,(2)确定这些改变的诊断特异性,以及(3)检查对临床表型的贡献。该研究结果发表在Translational Psychiatry杂志。

纳入对象为成人精神障碍患者(精神分裂症谱系,精神双相障碍)和社区确定的青年精神谱系队列(8-21岁)。使用计算解剖学工具箱(CAT12)从T1加权的脑结构图像中定量脑岛体积和形态(皮质厚度、皮层折叠褶皱、沟回深度)。

在费城神经发育队列(PNC)中,健康成年人(n = 196)、精神障碍患者(n = 303)和1368名个体(381名典型发展(TD)、381名青年精神病谱系(PS)、606名青年其他精神病理(OP))接受了调查。

基于感兴趣区域分析的脑岛体积和表面特征。精神病患者和精神病谱系青年表现出岛叶亚区体积减少,遵循前后梯度。根据HCP-MMPI图谱66的分块,从颗粒子区域提取基于表面的形态测量值。在精神病患者队列中,只观察到非颗粒状旋转的显著改变。给出了边际均值。协变量包括年龄、性别、总颅内容积(TIV)、研究(用于精神病患者队列)和地形缺陷(用于基于表面的测量)。***p < 0.001, **p < 0.017, p < 0.05 但没有通过多次比较校正。

基于体素和顶点分析的脑岛体积和表面特征。为了补充感兴趣区分析,使用显式岛叶掩码对每个队列的岛叶结构进行了体素(体积)和顶点(表面)分析。在精神病(健康对照精神病)和PNC(典型发展中的精神病青年)队列中显示了组间的差异。反映和扩展感兴趣区分析,精神障碍的参与者体积和褶皱减少,以及皮质厚度减少。NC组间差异无统计学意义。在体素层面校正的pFWE = 0.05;未校正的pFWE = 0.001,控制了年龄、性别、总颅内容积(TIV)、研究(用于精神病队列)和地形缺陷(用于基于表面的测量)。在精神障碍和PNC队列中,不规则体积与认知能力的相关性。体积以对照组、年龄、性别和总颅内体积(TIV)的边际平均值表示。

在两组中,较低的颗粒状岛叶体积与较差的整体认知能力相关,其效应大小高度相似成年精神障碍患者和青少年精神谱系障碍患者的脑岛体积显著减小,呈前后梯度分布。形态异常仅限于精神障碍患者的皮层折叠褶皱减少,这是精神分裂症特有的,与认知能力相关脑岛的体积和厚度与认知、阳性和阴性精神病症状相关。

 

该研究分析了成人精神障碍(精神分裂症谱和精神双相障碍)和青年精神障碍谱症状的脑岛亚区域体积、形态和临床相关性。在精神障碍患者和精神病谱系青少年中,脑岛体积较小,并且在两组中都与认知障碍相关。对岛叶亚区域的调查显示,较小的岛叶体积在精神病谱系中具有前后梯度,较小的体积在岛叶前部更为明显。基于表面形态测量学的平行分析发现,精神障碍患者的脑回褶皱较低,有少量证据表明皮质厚度或沟深减少。体积和褶皱减小只在精神分裂症中观察到,而不是精神双相障碍。非颗粒状亚区域褶皱减少,与认知缺陷相关。最后,在精神障碍中,阳性和阴性症状与多个颗粒亚区域的体积和厚度小相关,但与青年精神病谱无关。

这些发现表明,脑岛体积减少作为一种神经发育脆弱性,提供了广泛的精神病谱系障碍风险,并与临床表型,特别是认知障碍相关。另一方面,脑岛形态测定法对精神分裂症患者的脑回褶皱减少更为特异,这可能表明该人群存在早期神经发育异常。总之,在精神障碍和精神病谱系青少年中,脑岛体积减少,并与认知能力相关,这表明脑岛体积不足具有广泛的精神病风险脑岛褶皱减少也见于精神障碍,但在精神分裂症中最为明显,并导致认知障碍阴性和阳性症状也与岛叶亚区域结构有关,提示岛叶病理生理异常与临床表型有关

原文出处

Sheffield, J.M., Huang, A.S., Rogers, B.P. et al. Insula sub-regions across the psychosis spectrum: morphology and clinical correlates. Transl Psychiatry 11, 346 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01461-0

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    2022-03-15 bsmagic9140
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    2021-06-08 tastas
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    2021-06-07 12186752m54暂无昵称

    学习

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