Cell:突破成果!免疫疗法——有望根除结核病的“新武器”!

2018-01-21 Chen 生物探索

一个多世纪以来,科学家一直没有找到治愈结核病的有效方法。现在,来自加拿大的一个研究小组带来了一项突破进展,找到了对抗这一“全球杀手”的新武器!

一个多世纪以来,科学家一直没有找到治愈结核病的有效方法。现在,来自加拿大的一个研究小组带来了一项突破进展,找到了对抗这一“全球杀手”的新武器!在1月11日发表于顶级期刊Cell杂志上的这篇论文中,研究人员正在通过重编程(或训练)免疫细胞来治疗结核病(Tuberculosis,TB)。

1、亟待新疗法

结核病是一种攻击肺部的传染病,每年会夺走全球150万人的生命。目前,用于预防TB的疫苗BCG于1921年研制成功,遗憾的是,并未能控制TB的流行。此外,抗生素治疗不仅有毒性,还导致了TB耐药菌株的产生。论文的共同通讯作者、肺免疫学家Maziar Divangahi博士说:“这使得我们不得不开始调查一种新的替代性疗法。”

事实上,到目前为止,针对TB疫苗的研发工作主要集中在T细胞上,但临床前研究和临床试验的结果都非常令人失望。

2、“训练”出根除结核病的细胞

在这项新研究中,Divangahi博士和蒙特利尔大学的遗传学家Luis Barreiro博士带领的团队首次证实,当BCG以一种能够进入骨髓的方式被用于处理小鼠时,它能够重编程干细胞。这些干细胞负责产生所有的免疫细胞,包括先天免疫反应中的细胞。



作为对抗TB的第一道防线,先天免疫反应动员了一种类型的白血细胞(white blood cell,能够吞噬并杀死入侵的细菌)——巨噬细胞。

然而,导致TB的结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)也能解除巨噬细胞的杀伤程序,并将它们变成一种“避难所”,用于复制和生长。Divangahi博士的团队调查了这一过程,以期找到促进巨噬细胞TB杀伤效率的方法。

研究中,科学家们给小鼠接种了BCG疫苗。在一系列实验中,他们观察到,在骨髓中,BCG能够重编程或“教育”干细胞增殖并产生TB杀伤巨噬细胞(TB slaying macrophages)。

接着,研究者们想要弄清楚“BCG诱导干细胞产生免疫力”这种保护途径背后的分子机制。他们分析了参与触发对抗TB的增强型先天免疫反应的基因通路,最终,展示了保护程序(protective programs)是如何从干细胞一路“传递”到巨噬细胞中的,并鉴定出了巨噬细胞中保护性通路的遗传印记(genetic imprint)。

3、还需进行大量研究

Barreiro博士表示:“这实际上是在寻找不同的方法来开发更好的疫苗。这些疫苗将利用巨噬细胞的力量,最终让机体的先天免疫发挥作用。”

不过,虽然科学家们非常希望这种新方法能够产生有效的抗TB和其他传染病的疫苗,但Divangahi博士警告称:“目前的工作还只是冰山一角,后续还需要进行大量的研究。”

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    2018-03-24 风铃830
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    2018-06-26 维他命
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    2018-01-25 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.继续关注

    0

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    2018-01-25 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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