盘点:2018年1月第2期BMJ研究精选

2018-01-15 zhangfan MedSci原创

BMJ

2018年1月第2期BMJ研究精选



【1】健康饮食模式可降低肥胖遗传风险


近日,研究人员进行了一项非常有意思的前瞻性队列研究,探究了健康饮食模式与肥胖遗传易感性相互作用,分析了饮食模式对体重指数和体重的长期变化影响。

该研究招募了8828名女性和5218男性参与者。肥胖遗传易感性评分是根据与身体体重指数相关的77个变量计算的。饮食模式评估依据2010年替代健康饮食指数(AHEI-2010),膳食改善高血压方法(DASH)和地中海饮食替代法(AMED)。

在20年的随访期间,随着AHEI-2010依附性持续增加,遗传与体重指数变化的关联性显著减少。联合队列中,AHEI-2010得分降低的患者每10个风险等位基因四年增加的体重指数为0.07,而AHEI-2010增加参与者为-0.01,换算为每四年的体重变化分别为0.16kg与-0.02kg。换言之,在低-中-高遗传风险的参与者中,AHEI-2010得分每增加1,体重指数的变化分别为-0.12,-0.14和-0.18(体重变化:-0.35,-0.36和-0.50公斤)。 DASH也发现了类似的相互作用,但对于AMED却没有。

研究表明改善健康饮食模式依从性可以减轻体重增加的遗传相关性,改善饮食对肥胖高遗传风险人群中尤其明显。

【2】多基因风险评分指导侵袭性前列腺癌筛查


近日研究人员对侵袭性前列腺癌(PCa)发病的遗传因素进行了考察,并用于指导临床筛查工作。

研究人员对PCa患者的基因型、Pca阶段以及年龄进行分析,考察与诊断相关的单核苷酸多态性。将上述多态性纳入生存分析,以评估其在诊断侵袭性PCa时对年龄的影响。由此得出个体遗传风险的多基因风险评分。开发队列中包含31747名男性参与者,验证队列包含6411名男性参与者,所有参与者年龄、PCa阶段以及质量保证的(ICOGS)阵列基因型数据已知。研究的主要终点是验证集中侵袭性肿瘤发病年龄危险评分。

在独立验证集中,由54个单核苷酸多态性计算的危险评分是诊断侵袭性前列腺癌的显著性预测因子 (z=11.2, P<10-16)。 得分超过98%的男性参与者相比于平均得分人群(30-70%),其侵袭性前列腺的风险为2.9 (95% CI 2.4-3.4)。家族史因素不能提高PCa的预测能力(P=0.59),家族史以外的多元性风险因素较多。PSA筛查对侵袭性PCa的阳性预测值随多基因风险因素的增加而增加。

【3】降压药的递增效应研究


近日研究人员评价了降压方案中添加额外抗高血压药物的增量效应。

研究数据来自SPRINT临床试验。9092名试验参与者接受强化(<120 mm Hg)或标准(<140 mm Hg)降压治疗,患者心血管风险增加但无糖尿病或中风史。研究的主要终点为动脉压、主要心血管事件以及严重不良反应。

未经调整的标准多变量模型中,添加额外降压机制药物可中等程度地降低收缩压(-1.3 mm Hg, 95% CI -1.6到-1.0),但对于主要心血管事件无显著影响 (每1000患者年的绝对风险为0.5, 95% CI -1.5到2.3)。仪器变量模型中,添加额外降压机制药物可临床显著地降低动脉压 (-14.4 mm Hg, -15.6 到-13.3) ,轻度降低主要心血管事件风险 (绝对风险 -6.2, -10.9到1.3)。对于目前正在使用0、1、2、3以及更多种类抗高血压药物的患者以及所有亚组中,添加额外的降压药仍可使收缩压获得较大幅度的增量下降效果。额外降压药物的不良事件率较低。

研究认为,对于心血管风险高但无糖尿病的高血压患者,额外的降压药物可降低动脉压以及心血管事件风险,该效果不受基础治疗方案以及疾病亚型的影响。

【4】慢性肢体缺血诊断特征


一名72岁糖尿病患者自述其右脚疼痛超过4周,疼痛夜间加重,腿部悬空后可缓解。检查发现患者腿部肿胀,脚部伤口未愈合且发红,无股动脉脉搏,右脚发冷,脚部抬起后苍白,放下后充血。患者有吸烟史,医生诊断其为慢性下肢体缺血(CLTI),经影像和静脉搭桥手术后一周出院,足部疼痛痊愈。

据统计10-20%的60岁以上患者存在不同程度的周边动脉血管疾病,1/4患者有症状,典型症状为间歇性跛行,其中每年有1-2%的患者发展为CLTI,但许多CLTI患者无间歇性跛行病史,症状表现为缺血性静息疼痛以及未愈合足部伤口。

CLTI较急性肢体缺血诊断困难,其临床特征不显著且为渐进性发病,常容易误诊为蜂窝织炎、痛风或足底筋膜炎。患者腿部向下坐时,受影响的脚可能出现粉红色或红色,表现为反应性充血,而提高脚时则表现出缺血性苍白--该特征是临床诊断的重要依据。

【5】剖腹产后分娩方式的选择


一名30岁的孕36周孕妇就分娩方式进行咨询,其头胎因臀位在39周时选择了剖腹产。

一般而言,剖腹产后的分娩选择包括:剖宫产术后试产,即让自然分娩发生,以实现阴道分娩以及择期剖腹产。对于大部分之前接受过剖腹产的产妇2种方式均可以采纳。2种策略产妇和新生儿严重不良后果的发生率都很低。

择期剖宫产指征包括胎儿并发症,如臀位且外回转术不成功;其他不正胎位,如横产式;或者多胞胎等。产妇因素,最常见的为前置胎盘。除剖宫产指征外,产妇的个人意愿也是决定分娩方式的重要因素。据统计,大约50%的英美妇女在一次剖腹产后尝试阴道分娩。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848438, encodeId=137c1848438d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Wed Nov 28 21:38:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282170, encodeId=0f312821e001, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 08:50:30 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278929, encodeId=b81c2e8929fd, content=VBAC的产生需要很多条件., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/31/a88428e95e462b5a95499ced50b4325e.jpg, createdBy=60182225250, createdName=15121100f4m, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 06:58:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278836, encodeId=7e022e88360a, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/14/98b313dfe26b90ecf72d9fa320a8b56b.jpg, createdBy=ca4a2247226, createdName=红木中餐, createdTime=Mon Jan 15 21:51:03 CST 2018, time=2018-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278766, encodeId=fdf72e876646, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=80d11516357, createdName=139****0239, createdTime=Mon Jan 15 17:54:09 CST 2018, time=2018-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-28 gaoxiaoe
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848438, encodeId=137c1848438d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Wed Nov 28 21:38:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282170, encodeId=0f312821e001, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 08:50:30 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278929, encodeId=b81c2e8929fd, content=VBAC的产生需要很多条件., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/31/a88428e95e462b5a95499ced50b4325e.jpg, createdBy=60182225250, createdName=15121100f4m, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 06:58:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278836, encodeId=7e022e88360a, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/14/98b313dfe26b90ecf72d9fa320a8b56b.jpg, createdBy=ca4a2247226, createdName=红木中餐, createdTime=Mon Jan 15 21:51:03 CST 2018, time=2018-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278766, encodeId=fdf72e876646, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=80d11516357, createdName=139****0239, createdTime=Mon Jan 15 17:54:09 CST 2018, time=2018-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-26 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848438, encodeId=137c1848438d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Wed Nov 28 21:38:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=282170, encodeId=0f312821e001, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Fri Jan 26 08:50:30 CST 2018, time=2018-01-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278929, encodeId=b81c2e8929fd, content=VBAC的产生需要很多条件., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/31/a88428e95e462b5a95499ced50b4325e.jpg, createdBy=60182225250, createdName=15121100f4m, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 06:58:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278836, encodeId=7e022e88360a, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/14/98b313dfe26b90ecf72d9fa320a8b56b.jpg, createdBy=ca4a2247226, createdName=红木中餐, createdTime=Mon Jan 15 21:51:03 CST 2018, time=2018-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=278766, encodeId=fdf72e876646, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=80d11516357, createdName=139****0239, createdTime=Mon Jan 15 17:54:09 CST 2018, time=2018-01-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-16 15121100f4m

    VBAC的产生需要很多条件.

    0

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    2018-01-15 红木中餐

    henhao

    0

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    2018-01-15 139****0239

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