CSMO 2014 :黑色素瘤新近进展

2014-07-08 北京大学肿瘤医院 郭军 医学论坛网

在7月4日的第八届中国肿瘤内科大会会上,郭军教授介绍了黑色素瘤的最新进展。 近几年黑色素瘤的治疗一直在创造一个又一个神话。3年前,CTLA单抗Ipi第一次证实了能够延长晚期黑色素瘤患者的总生存。2年前,BRAF抑制剂维莫非尼将晚期黑色素瘤的疗效由过去的7-8%,提高到53%,并大大延长PFS和OS。一年前,BRAF抑制剂联合MEK抑制剂将晚期黑色素瘤治疗有效率提高到75%左右,并进一步延长了PF

在7月4日的第八届中国肿瘤内科大会会上,郭军教授介绍了黑色素瘤的最新进展。

近几年黑色素瘤的治疗一直在创造一个又一个神话。3年前,CTLA单抗Ipi第一次证实了能够延长晚期黑色素瘤患者的总生存。2年前,BRAF抑制剂维莫非尼将晚期黑色素瘤的疗效由过去的7-8%,提高到53%,并大大延长PFS和OS。一年前,BRAF抑制剂联合MEK抑制剂将晚期黑色素瘤治疗有效率提高到75%左右,并进一步延长了PFS并且这种联合的毒副作用比单药明显降低。而今年,抗PD1单抗横空出世,彻底颠覆了既往对免疫靶向治疗有效率低的认识,对于那些无特异基因突变的晚期患者有效率达到40%,并大大延长了PFS和OS, 无异于在整个肿瘤治疗领域又一颗重磅炸弹。这样,无论是有突变还是没有突变的黑色素瘤患者,似乎我们都将会有解决办法,对于这个一向被肿瘤界认为的“不治之症”黑色素瘤来说,也许会变成“好治”的肿瘤。这些重大的成功仿佛一夜之间,来得太快。

免疫靶向治疗创佳绩

1、抗PD-1单抗再续神话

2011年美国FDA批准了Ipilimumab (Ipi, 抗CTLA4单抗)上市,这是近30年来第一个被证明能延长晚期黑色素瘤生存的药物,也初步奠定了免疫靶向治疗在晚期黑色素瘤中的地位。抗PD1单抗和Ipi的作用机制有所差别,PD1和CTLA-4表达于T细胞表面,主要与肿瘤细胞的PD-L1和抗原提成细胞(树突细胞)的B7配体结合,会导致T细胞免疫活性下降。而抗PD-1单克隆抗体竞争性结合PD-1,从而解除T细胞的免疫抑制状态,比抗CTLA-4单抗的效果更直接,因此报道的疗效更佳。

Antoni Ribas教授报道了MK-3475 (Pembrolizumab, 人源化抗PD-1单克隆单抗IgG4型) 治疗晚期黑色素瘤的一项II期临床研究,这是肿瘤史上最大宗的II期临床研究。该研究共入组441例患者,全组23%为初治患者。结果显示IPI-N(未接受过IPI)组患者的ORR为40%(包括8%的完全缓解),IPI-T组(接受过Ipi)患者为28%。中位PFS时间分别为24周及23周,有效患者的中位疗效持续时间未达到(6+~76+月),有望超过2年。目前中位OS时间未达到,1年OS率为71%。毒副作用耐受性良好,12%患者出现3/4级副作用,仅有4%患者因副作用停药。

F. Stephen Hodi教授报道了BMS-936558(Nivolumab,人源化抗PD-1单克隆单抗IgG4型)的 1期临床研究。这是目前针对抗PD1抗体随访时间最长的一项研究。该研究共入组复发难治的黑色素瘤患者107例,分别接受0.1mg,0.3mg, 1mg,3mg和10mg/Kg,每2周重复治疗,无初治患者。全组有效率为32%,中位有效时间为22.9月,3mg/Kg组的OR率达41%,全组患者2年及3年的OS时间分别为48%及41%。46%的有效患者在停止治疗后仍持续有效。结果还发现肿瘤表面PD-L1(+)与(-)的患者PFS时间分别为9.1月及1.9月。

2、免疫靶向治疗的联合迸发新生命

Mario Sznol教授今年对抗PD-1(Nivolumab)单抗和抗CTLA-4单抗(Ipi)的联合研究做了详尽报道。该研究为一项I期临床研究,分为5个剂量组。共入组患者53例,其中初治患者55%。结果显示总体有效率为42%,完全缓解17%,接近半数患者(42%)肿瘤缩小大于80%,1年 及2年的OS率为82%及75%;其中Niv 1mg/Kg和Ipi 3mg/Kg剂量组的有效率高达53%,完全缓解18%,2年的OS率为88%。亚组分析显示 BRAF突变状态和肿瘤组织PD-L1表达与否与疗效不相关。联合组虽然疗效显著,但3-4级的不良反应明显升高(62%),23%的患者因为治疗副反应停药,1例患者出现治疗相关性死亡(结肠炎导致的多器官衰竭)。免疫靶向药物的联合剂量仍需进一步摸索。

3、疫苗研究终于有所突破

2013年曾报道了肿瘤疫苗T-VEC(OPTiM)的初步疗效。今年更新了该项III期研究的生存数据。T-VEC为溶瘤免疫治疗,以单纯疱疹病毒1型为载体,释放GM-CSF增加机体抗肿瘤免疫。研究共入组进展期黑色素患者436例,按2:1随机分组T-VEC及GM-CSF治疗组,初治患者27%。T-VEC的客观有效率为26%,其中11%获得CR,而GM-CSF仅有6%。在ITT人群中,与GM-CSF相比,T-VEC延长OS时间4.4月,且耐受良好,无3级及以上不良反应。这项研究使得T-VEC成为第一在III期临床研究中可延长OS时间的黑色素瘤疫苗。但相比抗PD-1单抗来说,有效率仍略差一筹。

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    2014-08-20 liuhuangbo
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024703, encodeId=23e12024e03a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c27516459de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SMO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16459, encryptionId=c27516459de, topicName=SMO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6779163, createdName=liuhuangbo, createdTime=Wed Aug 20 11:07:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680249, encodeId=7538168024975, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Tue Mar 10 05:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17151, encodeId=9d451e151aa, content=好文章,超赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 23:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1558665, encodeId=66cd15586656d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Jul 10 00:07:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1564674, encodeId=6d0315646e4e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Jul 10 00:07:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-10 sunylz
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024703, encodeId=23e12024e03a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c27516459de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SMO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16459, encryptionId=c27516459de, topicName=SMO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6779163, createdName=liuhuangbo, createdTime=Wed Aug 20 11:07:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680249, encodeId=7538168024975, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Tue Mar 10 05:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17151, encodeId=9d451e151aa, content=好文章,超赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Fri Feb 27 23:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1558665, encodeId=66cd15586656d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Jul 10 00:07:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1564674, encodeId=6d0315646e4e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Jul 10 00:07:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-27 xiaoai5777

    好文章,超赞

    0

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近日,刊登在国际杂志Molecular and Cellular Proteomics上的一篇研究论文中,来自莫非特癌症研究中心的研究人员通过研究开发了一种新型方法,其可以帮助科学家们鉴别出耐药性黑色素瘤患者机体中潜在的治疗靶点;文章中研究者利用液相色谱多重反应监测质谱技术来监测患者血液或者组织中特殊的生物标志物分子来揭示是否癌症在患者机体存在,这些测定技术可以帮助研究者确定是否病人对疗法有反应。

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近日一项临床研究证实:一个疗法已被发现,可延缓转移性葡萄膜黑色素瘤进展,葡萄膜黑色素瘤是一种罕见的致命形式的眼黑色素瘤。 几年前,研究人员发现80%的葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者有GNAQ或GNA11突变,GNAQ和GNA11基因激活MAPK信号通路。Schwartz博士等人后来证明,抑制MEK(在MAPK途径中的关键酶)可以抑制实验室中葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞生长。在2013年,Schwartz博士和

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