盘点:近期冠状动脉疾病重大研究进展一览

2016-12-03 MedSci MedSci原创

我国冠心病发病呈逐年增加态势,而经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)是治疗冠心病的主要措施。近20年来,冠状动脉血流储备分数(fractional flow reserve,FFR)逐渐成为公认的有创病变功能学评价指标,以FFR指导的治疗策略被证实安全、经济,并能改善患者的预后。本文梅斯医学小编就近期冠状动脉疾病重大研究进展汇总,

我国冠心病发病呈逐年增加态势,而经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)是治疗冠心病的主要措施。近20年来,冠状动脉血流储备分数(fractional flow reserve,FFR)逐渐成为公认的有创病变功能学评价指标,以FFR指导的治疗策略被证实安全、经济,并能改善患者的预后。本文梅斯医学小编就近期冠状动脉疾病重大研究进展汇总,与大家学习分享。

【1】NEJM:遗传风险和坚持健康的生活方式对冠状动脉疾病的影响

近日,顶级医学期刊NEJM上发表了一篇探究遗传风险和健康的生活方式对冠状动脉疾病影响的研究文章。
 
研究者采用DNA序列多态性的多基因得分,对三项前瞻性队列研究的冠状动脉疾病遗传风险进行量化,在社区动脉粥样硬化风险(ARIC)的研究中有7814名参与者、女性基因组健康研究(WGHS)中有21,222名参与者和在Malm?饮食与癌症研究(MDCS)有22,389名研究者,而且在横断面生物图像研究中4260名参与者的基因型与协变量资料都可以获取。研究人员采用包括四个因素:无吸烟、无肥胖、定期的体力活动和健康的饮食的评分系统来确定参与者健康生活方式的依从性。
 
研究者发生高遗传风险的参与者(多基因得分位于最高五分位数范围)发生冠脉疾病的相对风险比那些低遗传风险的参与者(多基因得分位于最低五分位数范围)要高出91%(风险比为1.91;95%可信区间为1.75-2.09)。

不论遗传风险是何种级别,良好的生活方式(是指四个健康的生活方式因素至少有三个)与不良的生活方式(是指没有或只有一个健康的生活方式因素)相比,其冠状动脉事件的风险大大降低。

横跨四个研究共有55,685名参与者的数据表明,遗传和生活方式因素与冠状动脉疾病的易感性独立相关。在高遗传风险的参与者中,相比于不良生活方式,一个良好的生活方式可以降低冠状动脉疾病近50%的相对风险。(文章详见--NEJM:遗传风险和坚持健康的生活方式对冠状动脉疾病的影响

【2】NEJM:冠状动脉搭桥术是采用单侧胸廓内动脉,还是双侧胸廓内动脉?

相比于采用单侧胸廓内动脉加静脉移植,采用双侧胸廓内(乳腺)动脉进行冠状动脉搭桥术可能改善患者的长期预后。近日,顶级医学期刊NEJM上发表了一篇研究文章,旨在比较了两种冠状动脉搭桥术的效果。
 
在7个国家28个心脏外科中心中,研究人员将计划进行冠状动脉搭桥术的患者随机分组,分别进行单侧或双侧胸廓内动脉移植术。研究的主要结局为患者10年内的全因死亡,任何原因、心肌梗死卒中引起的复合死亡作为研究的次要结局。在随访第5年进行中期分析。
 
该研究总共有3102例患者入选,随机分配1554例接受单侧胸廓内动脉移植(单侧移植组)和1548例接受双侧胸廓内动脉移植(双侧移植组)。在5年的随访中,单侧移植组患者的死亡率为8.7%,双侧移植组患者的死亡率为8.4%(风险比为1.04;95%可信区间为0.81-1.32;P=0.77),并且两组由任何原因、心肌梗死或卒中引起的复合死亡率分别为12.2%和12.7%(风险比为0.96;95% 可信区间为0.79-1.17;P=0.69)。单侧移植组患者胸骨部位伤口并发症的发生率为3.5%,双侧移植组患者胸骨部位伤口并发症的发生率为1.9%(P=0.005),而胸骨重建率两组分别为1.9%和0.6%(P=0.002)。
 
由此可见,接受冠状动脉搭桥术的患者随访5年,接受单侧胸廓内动脉移植和接受双侧胸廓内动脉移植的患者在死亡或心血管事件的发生率方面无显著差异。进行双侧胸廓内动脉移植患者比进行单侧胸廓内动脉移植的患者有更多的胸骨伤口并发症,该研究后续的十年随访正在进行中。(文章详见--NEJM:冠状动脉搭桥术是采用单侧胸廓内动脉,还是双侧胸廓内动脉?

【3】JAMA:Evolocumab对冠状动脉疾病进展的影响

近日,权威医学期刊JAMA上发表了一篇来自澳大利亚阿得雷德大学澳大利亚南部卫生和医学研究所的Stephen J.Nicholls博士及其团队的研究文章,旨在探讨PCSK9抑制剂-Evolocumab对他汀类药物治疗患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化进展的影响。

该研究的主要疗效指标为通过系列血管内超声(IVUS)成像测量到的粥样斑块体积变化百分比(PAV)从基线到治疗78周的变化。次要疗效指标为标准化的粥样斑块总体积(TAV)变化和显示斑块消退的患者百分比,同时也评估了安全性和耐受性。

968名他汀类药物治疗的患者(平均年龄为59.8岁[标准差为9.2岁];有269名 [27.8%]女性;平均LDL-C水平为92.5mg/dL[标准差为27.2 mg/dL])中,846例患者在随访过程中进行了影像学检查评估。与安慰剂组相比,Evolocumab治疗组平均的、时间加权的LDL-C水平更低(93.0mg/dL vs. 36.6mg/dL;差异为-56.5mg/dL[95%可信区间为?59.7 mg/dL至?53.4 mg/dL];P<0.001)。主要疗效指标PAV在安慰剂组增加了0.05%,在Evolocumab治疗组下降了0.95%(差异为-1.0% [ 95%可信区间为?1.8%至?0.64% ];P<0.001)。次要疗效指标标准化的TAV在安慰剂组下降了0.9mm3,在Evolocumab治疗组下降了5.8mm3(差异为?4.9mm3[ 95%可信区间为?7.3至?2.5 ];P<0.001)。相比于安慰剂组,Evolocumab可在更大程度上诱导斑块消退(PAV:64.3% vs. 47.3%;差异为17% [95%可信区间为10.4%至23.6% ];P<0.001;TAV:61.5% vs. 48.9%;差异为12.5% [95%可信区间为5.9%-19.2%];P<0.001)。

由此可见,与安慰剂相比,服用他汀类药物治疗的冠心病患者加用Evolocumab治疗76周后可以更大程度地减少PAV,评估PCSK9抑制剂对临床结局的影响需要进一步的研究。(文章详见--JAMA:Evolocumab对冠状动脉疾病进展的影响

【4】JAMA:低危女性冠状动脉钙化对患病率及预后的影响

近日,权威医学期刊JAMA上发表了一篇来自荷兰鹿特丹Erasmus大学医学中心流行病学教研室的Maryam Kavousi博士及其团队的研究文章,旨在探讨心血管疾病低风险妇女进行CAC检查在心血管疾病风险估计和分层中的潜在效用。

该研究为来自于5个大型的以人群为基础的队列研究,参与者为动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)10年风险低于7.5% 的女性,这五个大型队列研究为:达拉斯心脏研究(美国)、Framingham心脏研究(美国)、海因茨利多富回访研究(德国)、动脉粥样硬化的多民族研究(美国)和鹿特丹研究(荷兰)。

来自于5个研究的6739名低风险女性,平均年龄为44至63岁,36.1%的参与者存在CAC。在队列研究中,中位随访时间为7至11.6年,总共有165例ASCVD事件发生(64例非致死性心肌梗死、29例冠心病死亡、72例卒中),ASCVD的发病率从每年每1000人1.5例到6例。相对于不存在CAC(CAC=0)的女性,CAC(CAC>0)与ASCVD风险增加相关(发病率每1000人每年,不存在CAC为1.41例 vs. 存在CAC的为4.33例;差异为2.92例[95%可信区间为2.02-3.83];多变量调整后的风险比为2.04[95%可信区间为1.44-2.90])。传统危险因素加上CAC可将C统计量从0.73(95%可信区间为0.69-0.77)提高到0.77(95%可信区间为0.74-0.81),并且所提供了进行ASCVD预测的cNRI为0.20(95%可信区间为0.09-0.31)。

由此可见,在低ASCVD风险的女性中,约三分之一存在CAC,并且相比于传统的危险因素,CAC与增加的ASCVD风险和适度增加的预后准确性相关,进一步评估这些增加的准确性的临床实用性和成本效益是很有必要的。(文章详见--JAMA:低危女性冠状动脉钙化对患病率及预后的影响

【5】2016 ESC专家共识:冠状动脉疾病和/或房颤患者出血后抗栓治疗管理

出血是冠状动脉疾病患者管理过程中常见的并发症,尤其是在急性冠脉综合征或接受PCI治疗和房颤患者中。本文主要针对冠状动脉疾病和/或房颤患者出血后抗栓治疗的管理提供了一个欧洲专家共识,包括停用哪些药物,开始应用哪些药物以及应用的时机。(指南详见

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1755000, encodeId=1cae1e5500035, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec5995e752e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95775, encryptionId=ec5995e752e, topicName=重大研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb4036811817, createdName=zz12341246, createdTime=Sat May 06 02:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252885, encodeId=dad3125288511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=463230886b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状动脉疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30886, encryptionId=463230886b8, topicName=冠状动脉疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380659, encodeId=3e2f1380659b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160365, encodeId=76a516036573, content=总结的咨询挺好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161224/IMG585DA5E26B9F44696.jpg, createdBy=565a98798, createdName=susice, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:22:42 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160238, encodeId=beef1602389d, content=这种方式很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2af32176, createdName=jinmu0119, createdTime=Sun Dec 04 18:27:30 CST 2016, time=2016-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159990, encodeId=bce515999000, content=很喜欢这种总结式的资讯,简明扼要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160814/IMG57B04B04A03228221.jpg, createdBy=622a1684503, createdName=蜗小牛的天空, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 21:13:30 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-05 susice

    总结的咨询挺好

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1755000, encodeId=1cae1e5500035, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec5995e752e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95775, encryptionId=ec5995e752e, topicName=重大研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb4036811817, createdName=zz12341246, createdTime=Sat May 06 02:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252885, encodeId=dad3125288511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=463230886b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状动脉疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30886, encryptionId=463230886b8, topicName=冠状动脉疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380659, encodeId=3e2f1380659b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160365, encodeId=76a516036573, content=总结的咨询挺好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161224/IMG585DA5E26B9F44696.jpg, createdBy=565a98798, createdName=susice, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:22:42 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160238, encodeId=beef1602389d, content=这种方式很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2af32176, createdName=jinmu0119, createdTime=Sun Dec 04 18:27:30 CST 2016, time=2016-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159990, encodeId=bce515999000, content=很喜欢这种总结式的资讯,简明扼要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160814/IMG57B04B04A03228221.jpg, createdBy=622a1684503, createdName=蜗小牛的天空, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 21:13:30 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-04 jinmu0119

    这种方式很好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1755000, encodeId=1cae1e5500035, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec5995e752e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95775, encryptionId=ec5995e752e, topicName=重大研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb4036811817, createdName=zz12341246, createdTime=Sat May 06 02:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252885, encodeId=dad3125288511, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=463230886b8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠状动脉疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30886, encryptionId=463230886b8, topicName=冠状动脉疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380659, encodeId=3e2f1380659b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160365, encodeId=76a516036573, content=总结的咨询挺好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161224/IMG585DA5E26B9F44696.jpg, createdBy=565a98798, createdName=susice, createdTime=Mon Dec 05 08:22:42 CST 2016, time=2016-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160238, encodeId=beef1602389d, content=这种方式很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2af32176, createdName=jinmu0119, createdTime=Sun Dec 04 18:27:30 CST 2016, time=2016-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=159990, encodeId=bce515999000, content=很喜欢这种总结式的资讯,简明扼要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160814/IMG57B04B04A03228221.jpg, createdBy=622a1684503, createdName=蜗小牛的天空, createdTime=Sat Dec 03 21:13:30 CST 2016, time=2016-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-03 蜗小牛的天空

    很喜欢这种总结式的资讯,简明扼要

    0

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