精准施策 双管齐下 标本兼治:医疗控费还缺“三把火”?

2018-04-02 辛雨 科学网

近日,国家卫生计生委、财政部等六部门联合下发《关于巩固破除以药补医成果持续深化公立医院综合改革的通知》(以下简称《通知》),全面取消以药补医,健全现代医院管理制度。 目前,公立医院已全面推开综合改革,全部取消药品加成,逐步建立维护公益性、调动积极性、保障可持续的运行新机制,取得了重大阶段性成效。但公立医院综合改革是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及深刻的利益调整,控制医疗费用不合理增长的改革工作仍面临


近日,国家卫生计生委、财政部等六部门联合下发《关于巩固破除以药补医成果持续深化公立医院综合改革的通知》(以下简称《通知》),全面取消以药补医,健全现代医院管理制度。

目前,公立医院已全面推开综合改革,全部取消药品加成,逐步建立维护公益性、调动积极性、保障可持续的运行新机制,取得了重大阶段性成效。但公立医院综合改革是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及深刻的利益调整,控制医疗费用不合理增长的改革工作仍面临一些困难和挑战。业内普遍认为,如何真正将医疗控费落到实处,又不给行业增添各种人为障碍,还需再烧“三把火”。

精准施策:控费不搞“一刀切”

人民群众对美好生活的向往,最核心的需求就是医疗和教育。随着收入水平的提高,医疗费用的增长是规律性的现象,有其合理性的一面。但是,医疗费用的不合理增长会阻碍医疗费用增长与国民经济协调发展的步伐。因此,《通知》指出控制医疗费用不合理增长,不搞“一刀切”。

不搞“一刀切”具体是指,各地要根据近年来省、地市、县级经济社会发展情况和医疗费用增长情况,科学设定年度医疗费用增长控制指标,逐级分解到各地市、县(市、区、师),不搞“一刀切”;要结合各级各类公立医院功能定位、提供服务情况和建立分级诊疗制度要求,将控费指标细化分解到每家医院,不搞“一刀切”。国家卫生计生委和国家中医药管理局属管医院纳入属地医疗费用控制范围。

据了解,医疗控费是一项长期政策,2015年就确定了相关指标。它的主要目的,是在不影响医疗效果的前提下,挤出不合理增长的医疗费用,减轻群众看病贵的负担。国家卫健委卫生发展研究中心副研究员顾雪非认为,改革指标需要细致地层层分解,不可“一刀切”。

比如,药占比、耗占比等指标,综合医院和专科医院之间、不同级别医院之间不具有可比性,按照单一的指标考核,不符合基本规律。

而在医院层面,应改变过去长期实行按项目收付费制下的粗放管理方式,优化临床路径,提高医院运行效率,获得合理适度的结余用于分配。

双管齐下:“两票制”要落实落地

中国社会科学院经济研究所公共经济学研究室主任王震在接受本报记者采访时表示,自深化公立医院综合改革以来,针对公立医院医疗费用不合理增长问题,最核心的两个控制是药品零差率销售和药品采购“两票制”,除此之外,还有支付制度的改革,如按病种付费等。从各地执行的效果看,表面上药占比降低了,但人民群众药没少吃、钱没少拿,且滋生了新的腐败。

药品从出厂到医院药房,在流通领域的加价率太高。虽然药品在流通环节产生的加价,绝大部分流入了代理商、医药代表等人的手中,不过一些医院出于自身生存的考虑,也不得不违心地为患者开出一些高价药,导致“不该检查的项目查了,不该开的药也开了,助推了药价虚高”。国务院医改办专职副主任、国家卫健委体制改革司司长梁万年表示,药品流通领域水分太多了,环节太多,所以推行“两票制”。

此次发布的《通知》要求,2018年各省份要将药品购销“两票制”方案落实落地,推进数据共享、违法线索互联、监管标准互通、处理结果互认。实行高值医用耗材分类集中采购,逐步推行高值医用耗材购销“两票制”。建立健全短缺药品供应保障体系和机制,更好满足临床合理用药需求。

标本兼治:公立医院改革是关键

《通知》明确,继续落实《国务院办公厅关于全面推开县级公立医院综合改革的实施意见》(国办发〔2015〕33号)和《国务院办公厅关于城市公立医院综合改革试点的指导意见》(国办发〔2015〕38号),进一步增强改革的系统性、整体性、协同性。要求2018年,全国公立医院药占比(不含中药饮片)、百元医疗收入(不含药品收入) 中消耗的卫生材料费用总体较上年持续下降,医疗服务收入(不含药品、耗材、检查、化验收入) 占医疗收入的比例总体较上年持续上升。

王震在采访时表示,目前采取的措施将医疗费用的不合理上涨归因为药品流通领域的不合理加价,只抓住了表面现象,没有抓住背后的根本原因。流通领域的问题是我国公立医院行政化管制的表现,根本还是要推进公立医院改革,破除公立医院的行政垄断。

然而,公立医院改革的复杂性源于公立医院本身存在一定的天然弊端,可以说是“一收就死”“一放就乱”。“实现公立医院综合改革,首先要放开竞争、引入竞争。没有充分放开,就会形成行政保护下的垄断,还是无法摆脱原有弊端的束缚。其次,公立医院要进行社会化的改革,引入企业化管理,自负盈亏从某种程度上来说会激励公立医院的发展。总的来说公立医院改革需要外部有竞争、内部有动力。”

《通知》指出,公立医院综合改革国家级示范城市、示范县(市、区、旗)要加大改革力度,在重点领域和关键环节先行先试、率先突破。确定若干现代医院管理制度示范医院,以点带面推动现代医院管理制度建设。各地要积极开展省级示范工作,加大对国家级、省级示范地区和医院的支持力度。根据公立医院综合改革效果评价考核结果,建立示范退出机制,对改革进展缓慢或工作停滞不前的示范地区和医院限期整改,整改不到位的撤销其示范资格。

由此可见,这份《通知》,是对公立医院综合改革工作的进一步深化和加强,各项政策都将在这份文件的督促下,得到更具体的落实。

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    2018-04-04 jml2016
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    2018-04-02 有备才能无患

    近日.国家卫生计生委.财政部等六部门联合下发<关于巩固破除以药补医成果持续深化公立医院综合改革的通知>(以下简称<通知>).全面取消以药补医.健全现代医院管理制度.

    0

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    2018-04-02 有备才能无患

    近日.国家卫生计生委.财政部等六部门联合下发<关于巩固破除以药补医成果持续深化公立医院综合改革的通知>(以下简称<通知>).全面取消以药补医.健全现代医院管理制度.

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    2018-04-02 sunfeifeiyang

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