Cell Host & Microbe:揭示天然免疫通路“肠-肝”之间的时空传递过程

2019-07-24 BioArt

天然免疫不仅在组织局部发挥着感知和抵抗病原入侵的直接作用,而且作为重要的监控系统,发挥着警示进而调集机体系统性免疫应答的关键作用。虽然病原来源的危险信号(PAMPs)介导的免疫信号传递已多有研究,但天然免疫信号自身在器官间的传递机制还远未剖析清楚。特别是,免疫应答总伴随着机体代谢反应的重编程,那么宿主自身的代谢小分子是否参与免疫信号通路的调节,可作为感知局部免疫信号并在器官间传递天然免疫信号的介质

天然免疫不仅在组织局部发挥着感知和抵抗病原入侵的直接作用,而且作为重要的监控系统,发挥着警示进而调集机体系统性免疫应答的关键作用。虽然病原来源的危险信号(PAMPs)介导的免疫信号传递已多有研究,但天然免疫信号自身在器官间的传递机制还远未剖析清楚。特别是,免疫应答总伴随着机体代谢反应的重编程,那么宿主自身的代谢小分子是否参与免疫信号通路的调节,可作为感知局部免疫信号并在器官间传递天然免疫信号的介质还有待探索。

器官间的信号交流是非常古老的生物机制,从植物到高等动物广泛存在,几乎涉及所有的生物学信号通路。果蝇源于其强大的遗传操作优势,与人类高度保守的天然免疫信号通路和类似的器官系统,被中科院上海巴斯德研究所潘磊团队选为研究天然免疫时空应答的模式生物。该研究团队在之前的研究中,分别利用果蝇和小鼠肠道感染模型,揭示了维持肠道天然免疫信号稳态的关键因子。

2019年7月23日,潘磊课题组与巴斯德研究所唐宏课题组合作在Cell Host & Microbe杂志上发表文章Sugar Alcohols of Polyol Pathway Serve as Alarmins to Mediate Local-Systemic Innate Immune Communication in Drosophila,发现肠道的天然免疫信号通路(IMD通路,同源与人类NF-kB/TNF通路)的激活,不仅限制在肠道局部,而且足以造成远端中枢免疫器官脂肪体(fat body,类肝组织)所介导的系统性免疫应答。而且这种时空上的免疫信号延迟依赖于果蝇血细胞(plasmatocytes,类巨噬细胞)的存在。

通过对比肠道感染前后果蝇血清中代谢组学的差异分析。潘磊团队发现肠道感染所造成的局部天然免疫应答,可以造成果蝇血液中多元醇代谢通路的激活,导致葡萄糖和半乳糖水平的下降,葡萄糖醇和半乳糖醇的上升。这些上调的糖醇物质可以在体外和体内激活脂肪体介导的系统免疫应答。通过同源序列检索,他们发现了果蝇中介导多元醇反应的人类同源基因,命名为dAR1。而且只有血细胞中的dAR1可以特异性地应答于肠道天然免疫活化,并介导“肠-肝”轴的免疫信号传递。进一步的机制研究,他们发现血液中上调的糖醇物质可以上调脂肪体上的金属蛋白酶(Mmp2),然后通过切割天然免疫通路膜上受体PGRP-LC,最终激活脂肪体介导的系统性免疫应答。

多细胞生物中,由局部免疫系统评估病理或生理损伤,从而警示并调节系统性免疫应答,对于机体的免疫稳态和健康具有重要的意义。该项研究不仅精细地描述了天然免疫通路“肠-肝”之间的时空传递过程,而且定位了多元醇通路的糖醇小分子可以作为自身的警示因子(DAMPs/ALARMINs)。多元醇通路作为糖代谢的一种分支,在细菌感染,丙肝糖尿病病人中常伴随慢性炎症的持续而上升。这个研究表明其不仅调节炎性过程中糖代谢能量的产出,而且参与炎症反应中的信号传递,是免疫-代谢转换的新枢纽。潘磊团队的研究深入揭示了多元醇在天然免疫通路时空调节中的重要作用,为今后干预系统性炎症的治疗提供了可能的全新视角。

注:杂志封面候选:改编于长城最西端的嘉峪关陵墓壁画。寓意:针对于外族(病原)入侵长城(肠道),关口的防御系统示警并派出骑马(血细胞)的信使(dAR1)手持警报(糖醇),传递至远方的中央朝廷以召集卫戍部队(系统性免疫应答)

据悉,中科院上海巴斯德研究所唐宏研究员为本文的共通讯作者。潘磊课题组的杨烁博士,赵娅娅博士(广州妇儿医院和巴斯德联合研究中心)以及中科院生化与细胞研究所的俞珺璟博士为本文的共同第一作者。

原始出处:
ShuoYang,YayaZhao,JunjingYu,et al.Sugar Alcohols of Polyol Pathway Serve as Alarmins to Mediate Local-Systemic Innate Immune Communication in Drosophila,Cell Host & Microbe23 July 2019https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001

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    2019-12-22 维他命
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    2020-06-13 仁者大医
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    2019-07-26 xjy02
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