沉默GRAMD1A能通过STAT5信号通路显著增强肝癌细胞Huh7对Sorafenib化疗及放疗敏感性

2021-11-26 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肝细胞癌(HCC)是全球男性癌症死亡的第二大常见原因[6],并且HCC常常对药物治疗表现出耐药性[7, 8]。索拉非尼是一种多靶点激酶抑制剂,可靶向Raf/ MAPK/ERK途径和包括VEGFR、PD

肝细胞癌(HCC)是全球男性癌症死亡的第二大常见原因[6],并且HCC常常对药物治疗表现出耐药性[7, 8]。索拉非尼是一种多靶点激酶抑制剂,可靶向Raf/ MAPK/ERK途径和包括VEGFR、PDFR、c-Kit在内的酪氨酸激酶受体,从而诱导细胞凋亡,抑制细胞增殖以及肿瘤血管生成[9, 10]。索拉非尼已被批准为晚期HCC一线治疗药物,但临床治疗证实HCC患者对其反应率很低,患者生存期延长有限[11, 12]。放疗对于晚期肝癌伴有腹腔淋巴结转移或和静脉癌栓患者可提高其生存时间,但肝癌放疗抵抗导致其效果受限。因此,寻求联合治疗提高肝癌对Sorafenib化疗及放疗敏感性对于延长肝癌患者生存质量至关重要。


最近研究报道,GRAMD1A在HCC组织中表达上调,其表达与HCC病理分化程度和生存状态呈显著正相关,高表达GRAMD1A的患者预后差,其可作为HCC患者的独立预后因素。在肝癌细胞HepG2和Huh7中,过表达GRAMD1A可通过激活STAT5信号促进HCC干细胞自我更新、抵抗药物治疗和促进肿瘤生长[1]。然而,沉默GRAMD1A是否会增加肝癌细胞对Sorafenib化疗和放疗敏感性尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们发现沉默GRAMD1A后STAT5及其下游基因Cyclin D1、Bcl-2、c-jun和c-Myc显著下调,同时GRAMD1A可调节STAT5启动子活性,沉默GRAMD1A后其活性降低。然而,本研究只是发现了GRAMD1A与STAT5之间的调控关系,但是具体通过的机制还有待进一步研究。此外,我们发现沉默GRAMD1A确实会增加肝癌细胞对Sorafenib化疗和放疗敏感性。


先前研究表明,STAT5具有两种亚型,分别为STAT5A和STAT5B,其在正常和恶性细胞中均起重要作用,其中Jak2可将其磷酸化,进而导致其转位至细胞核来调节其靶基因转录[13, 14]。据报道,STAT5增加AR稳定性,促进去势抵抗性前列腺癌生长、肿瘤转移以及前列腺癌干细胞的自我更新[15]。然而,有几个关于STAT5在HCC进展中作用的实验研究,但其结果是矛盾的。Lother Hennighausen等[16]发现,在敲除STAT5的小鼠中CCl4通过增加TGF-β稳定性和STAT3活性诱导肝癌发生。同时,他们还发现STAT5对于生长激素诱导的NOX4表达是必不可少的,反过来又会诱导ROS产生和促凋亡蛋白PUMA和BIM的表达[17]。其他研究发现,在生长激素信号超活化的小鼠中,STAT5缺失促进了肝癌发生[18]。上述研究均表明STAT5在HCC中作为肿瘤抑制因子发挥功能。然而,有研究发现,在HCC细胞SMMC7721中,敲减STAT5可抑制细胞增殖并诱导凋亡[19]。本研究中,我们也发现用STAT抑制剂SH-4-54抑制STAT5活性可增加肝癌细胞对Sorafenib化疗和放疗敏感性,得到与沉默GRAMD1A一致结果,提示STAT5是一个癌基因,STAT5在HCC中的作用可能与特定微环境有关。


综上所述,本研究发现沉默GRAMD1A能通过STAT5信号通路显著增强肝癌细胞Huh7对Sorafenib化疗及放疗敏感性,表明GRAMD1A在肝癌发生发展中起重要作用,其可成为为肝癌靶向治疗及联合治疗的新靶标。

 

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    2021-11-28 yxch36
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    2021-11-28 zhty5337
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