新型机器人首次辅助完成超显微外科手术,精度比达芬奇系统高十倍

2020-02-14 张静 DeepTech深科技

近日,一个被称为 MUSA 的新型机器人系统帮助医生完成了一项关于乳腺癌的手术实验,这是首次在机器人辅助下完成的 “超显微外科手术”。结果发现,该系统安全可行。相比于大块头的“达芬奇” 系统(Da Vinci),这个小型机器人系统或许更具潜力。

近日,一个被称为 MUSA 的新型机器人系统帮助医生完成了一项关于乳腺癌的手术实验,这是首次在机器人辅助下完成的 “超显微外科手术”。结果发现,该系统安全可行。相比于大块头的“达芬奇” 系统(Da Vinci),这个小型机器人系统或许更具潜力。

重建超显微外科手术(supermicrosurgery)是一种高度精确的重建手术形式,是显微外科手术的纵深发展新趋势,旨在将超细的血管、淋巴管连接起来,以使其恢复健康功能。

该手术专注于重新连接直径范围为 0.3~0.8 毫米的血管。因为吻合的血管或神经细小,技术要求高,需要花费更长时间练习才能掌握,所以目前普及率还很低,全世界只有少数外科医生会操作。超显微外科手术的主要应用之一包括解决淋巴水肿。

因为此类实验需要更为精准的手术动作,所以科学家们想到用机器人手臂替代一部分人手的工作以克服人的局限性,消除手部震颤或者其他细微的人类动作对手术造成的影响。

马斯特里赫特大学(Maastricht University)的研究人员进行了此项研究,并将论文发表在  Nature Communications 上。

实验选取了 20 位患有淋巴水肿的女性,手术主要是通过把淋巴管连接到附近的静脉以绕过患处,从而减轻症状。她们被分为两组,一组接受完全人工的手术,另一组在 Muse 的辅助下进行手术。

该系统是荷兰初创公司 Microsure 研发的,该公司孵化于埃因霍芬理工大学(Eindhoven University of Technology)和马斯特里赫特大学医疗中心。去年,他们刚刚使用 MUSA 完成在患者手臂缝合细血管的外科手术。

马斯特里赫特大学医学中心的整形外科医生 Shan Shan Qiu Shao 博士说:“ MUSA 可以使我们在需要手术显微镜的手术过程中非常精确地运动。这个机器人让我们能够对微小的淋巴管和血管进行手术,同时在这些复杂和费力的手术中取得更好的效果。借助 Microsure 的机器人,我们可以在各种尺寸的血管上操作,这非常方便。这对患者来说无疑是个好消息。”

MUSA 是一种轻巧的小型系统,可以安装到手术台和显微镜上。该机器人与标准手术显微镜和显微手术器械兼容。由脚踏板启动,外科医生使用安装在手术台上的钳状操纵杆控制手术器械。在消除震颤方面,外科医生移动操纵杆 1 厘米,机械臂只会移动 0.1 毫米。

结果发现,接受机器人系统手术的小组愈合更快,但除此之外,二者几乎没有差异。不过该实验的目的不是证明机器人系统的优越性,而是证明该系统的安全性和可行性。

作者评估了术后 1 个月和 3 个月的情况,他们证实了使用 MUSA 机器人辅助完成超显微手术是可行的,这提高了患者的生活质量。

在 MUSA 辅助下,微血管吻合手术的平均吻合时间小于达芬奇机器人。论文还指出,在重建显微外科手术中,必须使用精巧的小尺寸器械进行细微处理。达芬奇的手术器械很大,功能强大适用于显微外科手术。但在高放大倍数下,视觉放大倍数有限并且分辨率很差。

达芬奇系统是市场上比较畅销的微创手术机器人,早在 20 年前就获得美国 FDA 批准,其精度可低至 1 毫米。有数据显示,到 2018 年 11 月,达芬奇机器人在中国已完成了 10 万例手术。达芬奇系统的平均售价为 130 万美元,加上维护费用要 200 万美元。

另外据了解,安装达芬奇需要一间专门的大型手术室。而且机械臂是一种高值耗材,每条机械臂都有使用次数限制。不同的机械臂价格不同,平均在 1000~2000 美元,每台手术至少需要 4 条机械臂。而且, 这一块市场长期被 Intuitive 公司垄断,价格居高不下。

论文作者表示,虽然这些发现对超显微外科的未来很有希望,但需要更多的患者和外科医生参与的大型多中心试验来验证这些结果。

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