JBJS:牵引X线诊断和治疗桡骨远端骨折优于CT

2014-06-12 伊文 丁香园

桡骨远端骨折是常见的上肢骨折。正确的影像学诊断可以帮助临床医生对骨折分型并制定最佳的治疗方案。但是由于标准的X线平片不能提供上述诊断信息,因此越来越多医生倾向于使用CT诊断这类疾病。随着三维CT技术的普及,CT成为公认的桡骨远端骨折早期诊断工具。 虽然没有循证学证据,但是牵引下X线平片在过去十年越来越多用于诊断桡骨远端骨折。Goldwyn教授等的研究指出牵引下前后位和侧位X线平片可帮助临床医

桡骨远端骨折是常见的上肢骨折。正确的影像学诊断可以帮助临床医生对骨折分型并制定最佳的治疗方案。但是由于标准的X线平片不能提供上述诊断信息,因此越来越多医生倾向于使用CT诊断这类疾病。随着三维CT技术的普及,CT成为公认的桡骨远端骨折早期诊断工具。

虽然没有循证学证据,但是牵引下X线平片在过去十年越来越多用于诊断桡骨远端骨折。Goldwyn教授等的研究指出牵引下前后位和侧位X线平片可帮助临床医生对桡骨远端骨折的分型和制定合适的治疗方案。但是美国圣卢克大学附属医院的Daniel M.Avery Ⅲ教授等认为他们的研究缺少了CT对照组。因此,他们设计了本实验,研究结果表明桡骨远端骨折后在牵引下行X线平片比CT扫描更有助于对骨折的分型及提出合适的治疗方案,文章最近发表在JBJS am上。【原文下载】

研究纳入了两所不同医院在2011年7月到10月间的17例桡骨远端关节内骨折,均行牵引下X线平片和CT扫描。牵引下X线平片组在全身麻醉后沿前臂纵轴牵引,在X线透视仪下分别行前后位、腕旋后45°、腕旋前45°、侧位和关节倾斜位摄片。CT组则包括桡腕关节的轴位、矢状位和冠状位CT扫描。

由9名主治医生和2名住院医师组成观察组,负责对上述随机分成的两组进行骨折的分型和提出合适的治疗方案(保守治疗、切开复位内固定术、外固定术或牵引钢板)。前者是指观察者需判断是否出现下列六种类型骨折块:桡侧柱(radial column)、背面(dorsal wall)、背尺侧角(dorsal ulnar corner)、掌尺侧角(volar ulnar corner)、掌侧边(volar rim)和中央块(central impaction)(见图1、2)。然后通过Kappa值统计分析比较在骨折块分型方面观察者间的信度以及观察者诊断的差异性、骨折块的正确分型和治疗方案的选择。


图1:桡骨远端骨折骨折块分型



图2:桡骨远端骨折骨折块分型

通过Kappa值统计分析,两组的观察者间的信度都是良到差,而观察者对骨折块的分型无明显差异。牵引下行X线平片组中的患者有80.9%的推荐治疗方案是切开复位内固定术,而CT组的患者中有67.9%的推荐治疗量方案是外固定治疗。


表1:观察者见的信度(牵引下X线平片与CT)


表2:骨折块分型的准确性比较(牵引下X线平片和标准CT扫描)


表3:骨折块分型的准确性比较(CT扫描和标准CT扫描)


表4:有无住院医师对骨折块分型的准确性的影响


表5:治疗方案的选择(CT扫描和牵引下X线平片)


因此,作者认为桡骨远端骨折后在牵引下行X线平片比CT扫描更有助于对骨折分型及提出合适的治疗方案。

编者注:本研究的设计主要是基于美国马里兰大学医学院骨科及R Adams Cowley创伤急救中心的Elan Goldwyn教授2012年发表在JBJS上的Do Traction Radiographs of Distal Radial Fractures Influence Fracture Characterization and Treatment?

原始出处:

Avery DM 3rd, Matullo KS.Distal radial traction radiographs: interobserver and intraobserver reliability compared with computed tomography.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Apr 2;96(7):582-8. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.M.00134.【原文下载】

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    2014-06-14 piaojinhua
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    2014-06-14 qingrejiedu