The Lancet Planetary Health:全球每年有500 万人因环境温度异常而丧命!

2021-07-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

自1880年以来,地球的平均表面温度以每十年0.07℃的速度上升,自20世纪90年代以来几乎增加了2倍。

1880年以来,地球的平均表面温度以每十年0.07℃的速度上升,自20世纪90年代以来几乎增加了2倍。全球变暖的加速导致20个最热的年份中有19个发生在2000年之后,而且全世界极端温度事件(如热浪)的频率、强度和持续时间都是空前的。

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然而,暴露在非最佳温度下可导致超额死亡率。据数据显示,我国2013年到2015年有14.3%的非事故性死亡可能与非最佳温度有关,其中11.6%的死亡可由寒冷暴露相关,2.7%可由热暴露相关。在美国2000年至2006年期间,由寒冷暴露导致死亡的风险增加了5.12%,由于高温暴露导致的死亡风险增加了5.10%。印度、澳大利亚、欧盟、南非以及其他国家和地区也报道了环境温度与死亡风险之间的关联。

近日,来自莫纳什大学的研究人员对2000 年至 2019 年全球环境极端温度与死亡风险之间的关联,该研究首次将高于和低于最佳温度与死亡率联系起来。研究人员收集了全球43个国家750个地点的死亡率和环境温度的时间序列数据,以及全球范围内0-5°×0-5°网格大小的环境检测数据,进而推算出全球每个网格因非最佳温度导致的超额死亡、年度超额死亡与年度所有死亡的比率以及每10万居民的死亡率。

结果显示,全球有 9.43% 的人群死亡可归因于环境极端温度,这相当于每 100,000 人中有 74 人死亡,其中大多数死亡是由暴露于寒冷引起的。同时,数据揭示了非最佳温度对死亡率影响的地域差异,一半以上发生在亚洲,尤其是东亚和南亚。由于高温暴露,欧洲每 10 万人的超额死亡率最高。另外,撒哈拉以南非洲每 100,000 人因寒冷而致死率最高。

43个国家或地区的750个地点的日平均温度.

重要的是,从 2000 年到 2019 年,与寒冷相关的死亡人数下降了 0.51%,而与炎热相关的死亡人数增加了 0.21%,从而导致因冷热温度导致的净死亡率下降。净死亡率下降幅度最大的是东南亚,而南亚和欧洲则出现上升。

2000年到2019年,在0-5°×0-5°的空间分辨率下,因非最佳温度导致的年平均超额死亡人数

研究者表示,这是第一项对 2000 年至 2019 年间非最佳温度条件致死的全球概览的研究,也这是自前工业时代以来最热的时期。了解与温度有关的死亡对制定健康保护政策和战略非常重要。

原始出处

Qi Zhao et al, Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019: a three-stage modelling studyThe Lancet Planetary Health (2021). DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00081-4

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    2022-03-17 shizhenshan
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    2022-04-13 howi
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    2021-08-12 canlab
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    2021-07-09 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

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