Cell Metab:瘦素或许不能使瘦的人瘦

2017-06-24 黑衣服的胖子 来宝网

瘦素被广泛认为是人类瘦身的关键调节剂,然而,实际上,人们对探索这种蛋白质的功能和阐明这种激素防止肥胖的确切机制的关键实验是缺失的。



瘦素被广泛认为是人类瘦身的关键调节剂,然而,实际上,人们对探索这种蛋白质的功能和阐明这种激素防止肥胖的确切机制的关键实验是缺失的。

上述是哈佛医学院新陈代谢专家Jeffrey Flier和Eleftheria Maratos-Flier在6月22日的《细胞代谢》上发表的评论。

哈佛医学院生理与医学教授Flier,以及哈佛医学院Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center教授Maratos-Flier为肥胖的代谢和饥饿,特别是对瘦素的理解做出了重要贡献。

评论强调了目前的研究缺乏瘦素在代谢中的生物学作用的实验证据,并呼吁重新探索该激素的作用。“瘦素有助于瘦的人保持苗条的身材,避免体重增加-这是个假设,但从未被证实。”Flier说。他补充说,科学应该严格地研究并论证这种激素的作用机制。“没有做实验,我们不能下任何结论。”

二十二年前,研究人员发现了一种小鼠肥胖基因和它编码了一种由脂肪细胞制成的一种未知的激素,并将其命名为为瘦素。在罕见的遗传缺陷中,天生缺乏该基因的人是非常肥胖的,但通过每日注射恢复瘦素水平可以逆转其肥胖。

研究表明在小鼠和没有突变的人群中,瘦素在调节代谢中起重要作用,而不是预防肥胖症。Flier的研究首先表明,瘦素水平下降表明身体可能存在饥饿的状态。瘦素作为饥饿信号的作用现在已经很好的证实。

早期,研究人员推测这种蛋白质也可能在健康苗条的人保持苗条的身材中发挥关键作用,或许是通过作为编排抗肥胖症的信号来发挥关键作用,或许作为一种抗肥胖的信号。然而矛盾的是,那些有肥胖基因的肥胖的人和老鼠却总是有高水平的瘦素。Flier首先假设这可能是由于某种类型的瘦素抵抗,类似于在2型糖尿病中观察到的胰岛素抵抗,人体产生了过量的胰岛素,但这些胰岛素并不能用于代谢糖。

尽管一些瘦素是预防肥胖的必要条件,但瘦素在大多数人身上的生理作用仅仅限于信号对饥饿的反应,然后随着能量储存而恢复,正如20多年前人们发现瘦素时所说。如果是这样,根据作者所说瘦素与瘦身或肥胖几乎没有关系,除了少数罕见的严重肥胖症。

然而,Flier和Maratos-Flier说,瘦素在代谢和肥胖领域的抗肥胖作用仍然是教科书和文献综述中瘦素的最常见的描述。因此,Flier和Maratos-Flier强调,瘦素在人体中的这种作用从未在实验中得到证实。

“在我们写下关于瘦素生理和肥胖的章节之前,”Flier说,“我们应该承诺这些重要的问题终于得到了回答。”

肥胖正在成为一个全球性的健康问题,肥胖会引发一系列慢性疾病,包括糖尿病高血压,肝脏疾病,肾脏损伤,关节炎和心血管疾病等。根据CDC,美国每年花费1400亿美元来治疗肥胖相关疾病。世界卫生组织表示,自1980年以来,世界范围内的肥胖率已经翻了一番,并且在大多数国家,由于肥胖和超重导致的死亡已经超过了营养不良导致的死亡。

“最令人惊讶的是,代谢和能量平衡领域的科学家们似乎很少关注到瘦素作用的关键实验尚未报道。”Maratos-Flier说。“瘦素生理学被广泛接受的“抗肥胖”事实上在人类生物学中从来没有被清楚地证明过。”

作者指出,存在一种可能,一些尚未发现的分子(不是瘦素)介导肥胖的调节及其失调。

2014年,瘦素治疗在美国得到了批准,用于先天性瘦素缺乏以及在脂肪代谢障碍的一个异常的综合征的治疗。但该蛋白质尚不能用于临床实验。作者还写道,为了严格检验瘦素对预防或逆转肥胖的假设效果,除了瘦素基因罕见的基因突变引起的肥胖之外,还没有必要资助那些必要的实验类型。

作为一个例子,作者提出了一项临床研究,测量瘦人对瘦素水平升高的反应。如果瘦素是一种抗肥胖激素,与获得安慰剂的人相比,实验对象的饥饿感应当被抑制或能量消耗应当增加。

“我们仍然相信至少一部分健康和瘦的人能通过瘦素水平抵抗肥胖,同时有些肥胖的人是由于瘦素抵抗不足而导致的肥胖。”Flier说。“但在科学中,信仰和知识是两个不同的东西,就像我们可能倾向于这种信念一样,我们应该为这个假设提供证据,或者放弃它,这有利于发现调节体重的新的潜在机制。”

原始出处:

Jeffrey S. Flier and Eleftheria Maratos-Flier. Leptin's Physiologic Role: Does the Emperor of Energy Balance Have No Clothes? Cell Metabolism, 2017; DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.013.

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    2017-08-11 一闲
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    2017-12-19 柳叶一刀
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  4. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 22:12:02 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1366623, encodeId=39eb1366623b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5065e125368' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瘦素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71253, encryptionId=5065e125368, topicName=瘦素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 11:00:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215400, encodeId=7add21540037, content=感谢分享!继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 02:46:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-08 维他命
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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 02:46:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-12 KO229256262

    等待下一篇报道,给力小编

    0

  6. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 02:46:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-30 虈亣靌

    小编最牛!啥都知道

    0

  7. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 22:12:02 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1366623, encodeId=39eb1366623b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5065e125368' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瘦素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71253, encryptionId=5065e125368, topicName=瘦素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 11:00:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215400, encodeId=7add21540037, content=感谢分享!继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 02:46:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-29 菊花小王子

    学习了学习了

    0

  8. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 22:12:02 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1366623, encodeId=39eb1366623b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5065e125368' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瘦素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71253, encryptionId=5065e125368, topicName=瘦素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 11:00:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215400, encodeId=7add21540037, content=感谢分享!继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 02:46:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-28 changjiu

    学习了,谢谢

    0

  9. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Jun 28 22:12:02 CST 2017, time=2017-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1366623, encodeId=39eb1366623b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5065e125368' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瘦素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71253, encryptionId=5065e125368, topicName=瘦素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6cc1239, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 11:00:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215400, encodeId=7add21540037, content=感谢分享!继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 02:46:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-26 sodoo
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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 02:46:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-26 明天会更好!

    感谢分享!继续关注!

    0

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