HAEMATOLOGICA:自体干细胞移植对健康的老年骨髓瘤患者安全有效:骨髓瘤 XI 试验的探索性结果

2022-02-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

自体干细胞移植 (ASCT) 是符合条件的新诊断骨髓瘤患者在诱导治疗后巩固治疗的标准,最近在比较 ASCT 与延迟 ASCT 的临床试验中,65 岁以上的患者被排除在外。然而在现实世界的实践中,干细胞

自体干细胞移植 (ASCT) 是符合条件的新诊断骨髓瘤患者在诱导治疗后巩固治疗的标准,最近在比较 ASCT 与延迟 ASCT 的临床试验中,65 岁以上的患者被排除在外。然而在现实世界的实践中,干细胞移植并不局限于 65 岁以下的人群,临床医生根据患者的健康状况而不是严格的年龄界限来决定移植资格。

来自英国的NCRI 骨髓瘤 XI 试验是一项大型 III 期随机对照试验,具有适用于移植合格和不合格患者的途径,用于探索性分析,以检查 ASCT 在老年患者中的疗效和毒性,包括使用年龄的分析来匹配人群以比较接受或不接受 ASCT 的类似诱导治疗的患者的结果。

 

 

图 1:不同年龄患者接受自体干细胞移植的结果。(A,B)年龄<65岁(蓝色)、65-69岁(红色)和70-75岁(黄色)组患者的无进展生存期(A)和总生存期(B)。PFS:无进展生存期;OS:总生存期;HR:风险比;95% CI:95% 置信区间

与年轻患者相比,接受移植途径的老年患者在诱导结束时接受干细胞采集的可能性较小,并且在接受 ASCT 的患者中,无进展生存期与年龄增加相关。老年患者的 ASCT 耐受性良好,年龄 <65、65-69 和 70-75 岁患者的发病率或死亡率没有差异。

图 2:年龄匹配组患者的结果。(A) 直方图显示了符合移植条件和不符合移植条件的患者的年龄分布,其中突出显示了年龄匹配组中的患者。(B,C) 年龄匹配人群的无进展生存期 (B) 和总生存期 (C)(TE-ASCT [蓝色],TE 通路中接受自体干细胞移植的患者;TE-noASCT [红色],患者TE 通路中未接受 ASCT 的患者;TNE [黄色],不适合移植途径的患者。(D,E)无进展生存期(D)和总生存期(E)比较接受 ASCT 与未接受 ASCT 的患者(ASCT [蓝色],无 ASCT。TE:移植合格;TNE:移植不合格;HR:风险比;95%CI:95% 置信区间。

在年龄匹配的患者群体中,包括符合移植条件和不符合条件的患者,接受 ASCT 具有显着优势,可提高无进展生存期(风险比 0.41,P<0.0001)和总生存期(风险比率 0.51,P<0.0001),即使在调整基线协变量(包括与虚弱和对诱导反应相关的协变量)后仍然存在。

图 3:年龄匹配组患者的结果,包括治疗加权的逆概率。(A) 无进展生存。(B) 总生存期。TE-ASCT(蓝色):符合移植条件且接受自体干细胞移植的患者;TE-noASCT(红色):符合移植条件但未接受自体干细胞移植的患者;TNE(黄色):不适合移植途径的患者;ITT:意向治疗;IPTW:治疗加权调整的逆概率。

总之,这些发现支持将 ASCT 用于选定的、适合 75 岁以下的老年骨髓瘤患者。通过有效的临床医生选择,接受 ASCT 的老年患者可以经历较长的 PFS 和 OS,与年轻患者相当,并且没有任何发病率或死亡率显着增加。

 

原始出处:

Pawlyn C, Cairns D, Menzies T, Jones J, Jenner M, Cook G, Boyd K, Drayson M, Kaiser M, Owen R, Gregory W, Morgan G, Jackson G, Davies F. Autologous stem cell transplantation is safe and effective for fit older myeloma patients: exploratory results from the Myeloma XI trial. Haematologica. 2022 Jan 1;107(1):231-242. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2020.262360. PMID: 33297668; PMCID: PMC8719065.

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    2022-12-05 changfy
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    2022-02-05 fengyi812
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硼替佐米、萨利多安和地塞米松(VTd)联合自体干细胞移植是欧洲治疗可移植的新确诊的多发性骨髓瘤患者的标准疗法。达雷在VTd疗法中加入达雷木单抗用于自体干细胞移植前后是否可提高患者的缓解率?研究人员开展一随机开放的3期试验,招募适合移植的新确诊的多发性骨髓瘤患者,将患者随机(1:1)分至D-VTd组(达雷木单抗+VTd)或VTd组,于移植前接受4个疗程的诱导治疗、移植后接受2个疗程的巩固治疗。主要结

Blood:MRD阳性的AML患者也可进行异体干细胞移植

经过诱导和巩固治疗,风险良好的患者(FR)接受自体干细胞移植(AuSCT),风险差的患者(PR)接受异体干细胞移植(ASCT)。中等风险患者(IR)根据巩固治疗后的MRD水平决定进行AuSCT或是ASCT。无论干细胞来源,均可用于ASCT。约有361位(361/500,72%)患者获得完全缓解(CR),其中342位完成巩固治疗:ASCT 候选者有165位(48%:122位 PR,43位 IR MR

Blood:卡非佐米-来那度胺-地塞米松联合干细胞移植治疗多发性骨髓瘤

在多中心的II期研究 (NCT01816971)中,研究人员评估了对新确诊的多发性骨髓瘤(NDMM)患者进行自体干细胞移植(ASCT)联合卡非佐米-来那度胺-地塞米松(KRd)方案的疗效。

Blood:自体干细胞移植后予以CD19 CAT T细胞治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤!

大剂量化疗后进行自体干细胞移植(HDT-ASCT)是复发性或化疗难治性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(rel/ref DLBCL)的标准疗法。但只有50%的患者用这种方法治愈。HDT-ASCT后予以CD19特异性嵌合抗原受体(CAR) T细胞是否可以提高患者的无进展存活期 (PFS)? Craig S. Sauter等人对此进行研究。

Blood:硼替佐米、来那度胺和地塞米松诱导方案用于多发性骨髓瘤患者骨髓移植前的疗效和安全性

实现并维持高质量的缓解是新确诊的多发性骨髓瘤(NDMM)患者的治疗目标。3期PETHEMA/GEM2012研究,招募了458名不超过65岁的NDMM患者,予以硼替佐米(皮下)+来那度胺+地塞米松(VRD)联合诱导化疗6个疗程,然后予以自体干细胞移植(ASCT),移植后再予以2疗程的VRD巩固治疗,评估VRD诱导方案的疗效和安全性。研究人员对诱导、移植和巩固阶段的缓解反应均进行了分组分析。随着时间的

Leukemia:多发性骨髓瘤的异基因移植治疗效果

该3期试验比较了串联自体干细胞移植(autoSCT)与autoSCT后减量调理异基因干细胞移植(auto/alloSCT)在新诊断的多发性骨髓瘤(MM)伴有(del)13q染色体(del13q)缺失的

拓展阅读

Ann. Oncol:自体造血干细胞移植与放射免疫治疗对复发性/难治性滤泡性淋巴瘤的疗效比较

该研究比较了自体造血干细胞移植与放射免疫治疗对复发性/难治性滤泡性淋巴瘤的疗效和安全性,ASCT的毒性更大,两种巩固治疗方案获得了相似的长期生存结果,需要进一步研究毒性较较小的巩固方案。

【BMT】MRD是一线移植后复发的MM的预后因素

作者在NCRI Myeloma X(强化)研究的背景下,研究了MRD(通过多参数流式细胞术评估)在既往自体干细胞移植(ASCT)后首次复发患者中的作用。

BCJ:复发难治套细胞淋巴瘤的治疗演变和结局改善情况:一项前瞻性队列研究

该研究发现,随着新疗法引入临床实践,R/R MCL的生存结局随着时间的推移有所改善,研究强调了治疗变化对真实世界环境的影响。

Blood:微小残留病灶可实时预测套细胞淋巴瘤患者预后

MRD在MCL的整个自然史中是一个强有力的预测因子,适用于具有持续适应患者风险的模型

Clin Cancer Res:来那度胺联合R-GDP治疗复发/难治性弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤

R2-GDP方案在R/R型DLBCL患者(包括原发难治性患者)中是可行的,且治疗活性高

Leukemia: 霍奇金淋巴瘤患者自体干细胞移植后早期复发的预后近年来有所改善

移植后复发后的结果近年来有了显着改善,特别是在早期复发的情况下,这些大规模的真实世界数据可以作为未来研究的基准。