处理卒中后吞咽困难的5点建议

2015-10-26 phylis 译 MedSci原创

卒中后发生吞咽困难比较常见,影响65%的卒中幸存者。处理和治疗吞咽困难非常重要,因为吞咽困难可干扰呼吸,饮食和饮水困难。如果没有足够的营养,卒中幸存者没有足够的能量恢复健康。并且,如果食物或者水误入到气管和肺,可引起肺炎。如果你或你的爱人存在吞咽困难,那么遵守下面的一些建议:1. 慢慢来。重要的是按照你自己的速度饮食。一些安静的地方对你有利。当你准备饮食时,有人站在你旁边可能会增加你的压力。另外,

卒中后发生吞咽困难比较常见,这影响了65%的卒中幸存者。处理和治疗吞咽困难非常重要,因为吞咽困难可干扰呼吸、饮食和饮水困难。如果没有足够的营养,卒中幸存者没有足够的能量恢复健康。并且,如果食物或者水误入到气管和肺,可引起肺炎。如果你的病人存在吞咽困难,那么除了常规用药,您要告诉他如下5项常规建议:

1. 慢慢来。重要的是按照你自己的速度饮食。一些安静的地方对你有利。当你准备饮食时,有人站在你旁边可能会增加你的压力。另外,确保你已经把嘴巴里的食物全部咽下去后,再吃下一口。


2. 选择你喜欢的食物。将食物切成小块或者做成泥状或糊状。糊状的食物可能看起来没那么好吃,然而,你需要食物刺激你的食欲。将肉和蔬菜分开做成糊状。深色的蔬菜像花菜和菠菜做成泥看起来比较好看,并且比较有营养。

3. 如果医生或营养师推荐,应用增稠剂。稀薄的液体可能进入食道后下降的较快。医生或营养师可能会建议应用增稠剂。早餐,试着饮用浓咖啡或茶及燕麦粥。午餐:稠汤,土豆泥及菠菜和水果糊是很好的选择。晚餐:稠汤、肉糊、土豆泥、蔬菜糊、香蕉比较不错。酸奶、果汁及奶昔是很好的零食。

4. 增加酸的食物。酸的食物能自发刺激吞咽反流。考虑增加像柠檬一样的酸性食物。

5. 吃饭时,考虑怎么吃。吃饭时,最好坐直。如果食物卡住,就站起来,伸展或走动一下。这样帮助食物入胃。注意晚餐。吃太晚,如果食物整晚被卡住,可能会引起疼痛和不适。至少在睡觉前三个小时时,吃晚餐。

原文出处:

Lisa O’Neill Hill.  5 Tips to Manage Dysphagia. StrokeSmart.2015,Oct 23.

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    2017-06-26 151****6665

    收了

    0

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    2017-04-04 jin321

    资讯没有收藏功能

    0

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    2016-11-18 susice

    患者宣教,可以做成册子

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215612, encodeId=2d1a2156126c, content=收了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHbia4C8GDojIhp3uEjdyBibnM2MBXUnuYDeGF576VTMdednmx7l406dQApT48zpU8sTA8gfticAuQe/0, createdBy=bc762062638, createdName=151****6665, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 11:47:08 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184946, encodeId=a4fa18494653, content=资讯没有收藏功能, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xjZ9qh3bhXrJtUlmycKGfQKPuADVZQsdNAQj5IrHHlzbGsDwScictBgogYRk8KhicpgEKwTEfOHgqw/0, createdBy=bc931611963, createdName=jin321, createdTime=Tue Apr 04 00:00:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156689, encodeId=3a4115668986, content=患者宣教,可以做成册子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161224/IMG585DA5E26B9F44696.jpg, createdBy=565a98798, createdName=susice, createdTime=Fri Nov 18 22:44:36 CST 2016, time=2016-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=148805, encodeId=8d6b14880525, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=14251719934, createdName=卟离@雨相b81b8f28, createdTime=Sun Oct 16 11:38:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671204, encodeId=c83516e120426, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f4e360191a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36019, encryptionId=9f4e360191a, topicName=卒中后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff7426824786, createdName=waiwai3039, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 17:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41758, encodeId=68d941e583a, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b911658392, createdName=梦想天空, createdTime=Wed Oct 28 10:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1318593, encodeId=6a28131859365, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25eb391692f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#吞咽困难#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39169, encryptionId=25eb391692f, topicName=吞咽困难)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5eee468, createdName=zxl729, createdTime=Wed Oct 28 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41429, encodeId=75ca414290f, content=给力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150904/IMG55E8DB68F05883098.jpg, createdBy=e00a1631985, createdName=fengzhigu, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 07:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215612, encodeId=2d1a2156126c, content=收了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHbia4C8GDojIhp3uEjdyBibnM2MBXUnuYDeGF576VTMdednmx7l406dQApT48zpU8sTA8gfticAuQe/0, createdBy=bc762062638, createdName=151****6665, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 11:47:08 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184946, encodeId=a4fa18494653, content=资讯没有收藏功能, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xjZ9qh3bhXrJtUlmycKGfQKPuADVZQsdNAQj5IrHHlzbGsDwScictBgogYRk8KhicpgEKwTEfOHgqw/0, createdBy=bc931611963, createdName=jin321, createdTime=Tue Apr 04 00:00:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156689, encodeId=3a4115668986, content=患者宣教,可以做成册子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161224/IMG585DA5E26B9F44696.jpg, createdBy=565a98798, createdName=susice, createdTime=Fri Nov 18 22:44:36 CST 2016, time=2016-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=148805, encodeId=8d6b14880525, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=14251719934, createdName=卟离@雨相b81b8f28, createdTime=Sun Oct 16 11:38:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671204, encodeId=c83516e120426, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f4e360191a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36019, encryptionId=9f4e360191a, topicName=卒中后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff7426824786, createdName=waiwai3039, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 17:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41758, encodeId=68d941e583a, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b911658392, createdName=梦想天空, createdTime=Wed Oct 28 10:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1318593, encodeId=6a28131859365, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25eb391692f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#吞咽困难#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39169, encryptionId=25eb391692f, topicName=吞咽困难)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5eee468, createdName=zxl729, createdTime=Wed Oct 28 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41429, encodeId=75ca414290f, content=给力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150904/IMG55E8DB68F05883098.jpg, createdBy=e00a1631985, createdName=fengzhigu, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 07:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-28 梦想天空

    0

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  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215612, encodeId=2d1a2156126c, content=收了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHbia4C8GDojIhp3uEjdyBibnM2MBXUnuYDeGF576VTMdednmx7l406dQApT48zpU8sTA8gfticAuQe/0, createdBy=bc762062638, createdName=151****6665, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 11:47:08 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184946, encodeId=a4fa18494653, content=资讯没有收藏功能, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xjZ9qh3bhXrJtUlmycKGfQKPuADVZQsdNAQj5IrHHlzbGsDwScictBgogYRk8KhicpgEKwTEfOHgqw/0, createdBy=bc931611963, createdName=jin321, createdTime=Tue Apr 04 00:00:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156689, encodeId=3a4115668986, content=患者宣教,可以做成册子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161224/IMG585DA5E26B9F44696.jpg, createdBy=565a98798, createdName=susice, createdTime=Fri Nov 18 22:44:36 CST 2016, time=2016-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=148805, encodeId=8d6b14880525, content=?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=14251719934, createdName=卟离@雨相b81b8f28, createdTime=Sun Oct 16 11:38:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671204, encodeId=c83516e120426, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f4e360191a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36019, encryptionId=9f4e360191a, topicName=卒中后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff7426824786, createdName=waiwai3039, createdTime=Fri Sep 23 17:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41758, encodeId=68d941e583a, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b911658392, createdName=梦想天空, createdTime=Wed Oct 28 10:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1318593, encodeId=6a28131859365, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25eb391692f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#吞咽困难#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39169, encryptionId=25eb391692f, topicName=吞咽困难)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5eee468, createdName=zxl729, createdTime=Wed Oct 28 06:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41429, encodeId=75ca414290f, content=给力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150904/IMG55E8DB68F05883098.jpg, createdBy=e00a1631985, createdName=fengzhigu, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 07:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-27 fengzhigu

    给力

    0

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