PNAS:科学家发明可完全降解的生物材料以促进骨修复

2012-05-19 bearpumch 编译 生物谷

Tufts大学工程学院的生物医学工程师最近发现了第一种可完全降解的全聚合骨支架材料,并且证实了这种材料在骨修复中可以提供足够的力学支撑。这项新技术使用了微米级的丝纤维用以加强材料的强度,类似于钢筋的作用原理。它可以促进由于创伤或者其他疾病引起的骨及其他组织的修复。 在美国,大约130万人每年要接受骨移植物的手术治疗。人类骨坚硬但是相对轻薄,可以承受相当程度的压力以及具有一定的韧性可以承受一定

Tufts大学工程学院的生物医学工程师最近发现了第一种可完全降解的全聚合骨支架材料,并且证实了这种材料在骨修复中可以提供足够的力学支撑。这项新技术使用了微米级的丝纤维用以加强材料的强度,类似于钢筋的作用原理。它可以促进由于创伤或者其他疾病引起的骨及其他组织的修复。

在美国,大约130万人每年要接受骨移植物的手术治疗。人类骨坚硬但是相对轻薄,可以承受相当程度的压力以及具有一定的韧性可以承受一定程度的扭转。在骨内部,骨细胞繁殖并且附着于矿化组织内。

在目前,自体骨移植物意味着患者要经历更多的手术并且由于自身供体组织的限制,自体骨的量是有限的。异体骨则要承担疾病、排异反应及远期并发症的风险。

多种全聚合生物材料,诸如胶原,正在被应用于促进骨增生的临床应用中,但是问题在于其强度并不能令人满意。陶瓷或者金属的高分子材料虽然增加了一定的力学强度,但是由于其刚性特征降低了骨重塑的结构特性。

通过将丝蛋白微纤维粘合成丝蛋白支架,Tufts大学的工程师发明了一种可完全降解的并且具有高强度力学特征的生物材料,并且证明这种材料在体外可以促进骨形成的细胞反应。

这项研究发现丝微纤维-蛋白混合物模拟了自身骨的力学特征,除刚度外,其表面粗糙结构加强了人类间充质干细胞的分化。再加上本身丝纤维的强度,增强了生物材料的抗压特性。

David Kaplan博士,Tufts大学生物医学工程系主任称:“通过向丝质支架内增加微纤维,我们强化了其力学特征,并且也促进了骨的形成。不管是结构上还是功能上都得到了明显的提高。这项技术可以被用在其他的组织系统并且对于再生医学的发展具有重要意义”。

 

10.1073/pnas.1119474109
PMC:
PMID:

High-strength silk protein scaffolds for bone repair

Biman B. Mandal, Ariela Grinberg, Eun Seok Gil, Bruce Panilaitis, and David L. Kaplan

Biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration represent a major focus of orthopedic research. However, only a handful of polymeric biomaterials are utilized today because of their failure to address critical issues like compressive strength for load-bearing bone grafts. In this study development of a high compressive strength (~13 MPa hydrated state) polymeric bone composite materials is reported, based on silk protein-protein interfacial bonding. Micron-sized silk fibers (10–600 μm) obtained utilizing alkali hydrolysis were used as reinforcement in a compact fiber composite with tunable compressive strength, surface roughness, and porosity based on the fiber length included. A combination of surface roughness, porosity, and scaffold stiffness favored human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward bone-like tissue in vitro based on biochemical and gene expression for bone markers. Further, minimal in vivo immunomodulatory responses suggested compatibility of the fabricated silk-fiber-reinforced composite matrices for bone engineering applications.

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    2012-08-24 axin020
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    2012-11-10 drwjr
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