长期使用糖皮质激素治疗,如何停用?

2018-08-06 成都市第三人民医院内分泌代谢病科、风湿内科 医学指南学习

糖皮质激素具有很强的抗炎和免疫抑制作用,常常用于类风湿性关节炎、血管炎、系统性红斑狼疮等疾病的治疗。激素长期不正规的使用常常导致各种严重并发症,因此,激素的规范化停药也是非常重要的。本文的激素均以泼尼松为例。

糖皮质激素具有很强的抗炎和免疫抑制作用,常常用于类风湿性关节炎、血管炎、系统性红斑狼疮等疾病的治疗。激素长期不正规的使用常常导致各种严重并发症,因此,激素的规范化停药也是非常重要的。本文的激素均以泼尼松为例。

1.激素停药的指征有哪些?

答:激素的停药指征:(1)最大期望疗效已经达到;(2)经过足够的使用仍不能达到期望的治疗效果;(3)出现不良反应,且不良反应严重或药物无法控制,如骨质疏松症或高血压

2.哪些情况需要立即停用糖皮质激素?

答:如下情况需要立即停药或快速减量:(1)激素导致的精神病,且对抗精神病治疗无效;(2)合并疱疹病毒导致的角膜溃疡(该情况会迅速出现角膜溃疡,甚至失明)。

3.为什么糖皮质激素一般不能迅速停药或减量?

答:长期外源性糖皮质激素使用会抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,HPA)。骤然停药或快速减量会导致肾上腺皮质功能不全的症状。

4.糖皮质激素减药的原则有哪些?

答:对于怀疑HPA抑制的患者需要谨慎的逐渐减量;对于HPA轴抑制风险小的患者可以依据原发病的病情活跃程度减药,而不用太担心肾上腺皮质功能减退;对于HPA是否抑制不确定,但是一旦发生急性肾上腺功能不全后果严重者(如需要进行手术的患者),建议决定是否停药前先检查HPA轴的功能情况以决定减药方案。

5.哪些患者很可能有HPA抑制?

答:如下情况的患者很可能存在HPA抑制:(1)任何使用泼尼松≥20mg/日(或等效的其他药物,下同),且时间≥3周的患者;(2)任何使用夜间/睡前泼尼松≥5mg/日数周的患者;(3)任何有库欣样外貌的患者。

上述情况的患者,无须进行HPA功能检查,一旦出现肾上腺皮质功能不全的表现,立即参照继发性肾上腺皮质功能不全的处理原则进行治疗。

6.哪些患者很可能没有HPA抑制?

答:满足任何如下条件之一的患者很可能没有HPA的抑制:(1)使用任何剂量的糖皮质激素治疗<3周;(2)使用泼尼松剂量<10mg qod。

7.哪些患者不太能够确定是否存在HPA抑制?

答:如下情况的患者不太容易轻松判断是否存在HPA抑制:(1)泼尼松剂量10-20mg/日,≥3周;(2)泼尼松<10mg/日数周(睡前使用的患者除外)。

对于HPA抑制不确定的患者,如果需要减量,建议缓慢减量。但是此类患者如果需要立即减量(手术,立即减量的情况),如果时间允许,建议进行ACTH兴奋试验评估HPA是否有抑制。

8.如何进行糖皮质激素减量?

答:短期糖皮质激素治疗(不超过3周),即使剂量较大,也可直接停药,无须缓慢减药,但是对于长期使用的患者建议按照每次减量10-20%原则进行。

减量方案(以泼尼松为例):

起始剂量≥40mg/日,每1-2周减量5-10mg/日;

20-40mg/日时,每1-2周减量5mg/日;

10-20mg/日时,每2-3周减量2.5mg/日;

5-10mg/日时,每2-4周减量1mg/日;

减量至5mg/日时,每2-4周减量0.5mg/日,可以使用隔日交替减量法,如:5mg qod和4mg qod。直至减量完成。

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    2018-08-06 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1701228, encodeId=1fc01e0122825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b5f6e6827fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖皮质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76827, encryptionId=b5f6e6827fb, topicName=糖皮质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0f4230340116, createdName=Tommy1959, createdTime=Fri Oct 12 15:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2010159, encodeId=6c552010159cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ea49698234' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长期使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96982, encryptionId=3ea49698234, topicName=长期使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=365d170, createdName=chenwq08, createdTime=Mon Oct 15 21:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307403, encodeId=48fd130e4039a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1d766836e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激素治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66836, encryptionId=b1d766836e4, topicName=激素治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bfa6343, createdName=aliceclz, createdTime=Wed Aug 08 01:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1600349, encodeId=5f26160034921, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3565e21649e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮质激素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72164, encryptionId=3565e21649e, topicName=皮质激素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cb1a18781011, createdName=bbwznl, createdTime=Wed Aug 08 01:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336913, encodeId=a67b336913ff, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Mon Aug 06 23:14:05 CST 2018, time=2018-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336881, encodeId=a8993368814d, content=内容非常实用,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Mon Aug 06 20:26:32 CST 2018, time=2018-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336838, encodeId=38df33683857, content=内容非常实用,值得分享,借鉴。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 06 12:26:39 CST 2018, time=2018-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-06 xiaogan8479

    内容非常实用,谢谢分享

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1701228, encodeId=1fc01e0122825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b5f6e6827fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖皮质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76827, encryptionId=b5f6e6827fb, topicName=糖皮质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0f4230340116, createdName=Tommy1959, createdTime=Fri Oct 12 15:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2010159, encodeId=6c552010159cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ea49698234' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长期使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96982, encryptionId=3ea49698234, topicName=长期使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=365d170, createdName=chenwq08, createdTime=Mon Oct 15 21:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1307403, encodeId=48fd130e4039a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1d766836e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激素治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66836, encryptionId=b1d766836e4, topicName=激素治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bfa6343, createdName=aliceclz, createdTime=Wed Aug 08 01:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1600349, encodeId=5f26160034921, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3565e21649e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮质激素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72164, encryptionId=3565e21649e, topicName=皮质激素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cb1a18781011, createdName=bbwznl, createdTime=Wed Aug 08 01:48:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336913, encodeId=a67b336913ff, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Mon Aug 06 23:14:05 CST 2018, time=2018-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336881, encodeId=a8993368814d, content=内容非常实用,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Mon Aug 06 20:26:32 CST 2018, time=2018-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336838, encodeId=38df33683857, content=内容非常实用,值得分享,借鉴。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 06 12:26:39 CST 2018, time=2018-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-06 哈哈869

    内容非常实用,值得分享,借鉴。

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