Alzheimers & Dementia:中年控压,预防痴呆——中年血管危险因素与偶发痴呆风险

2021-11-03 Naomii MedSci原创

近日,有研究人员使用来自英国生物库(UKB)的大规模中年人群的LS7数据,坚持LS7的生物学指标(血压、胆固醇、血糖水平)与较低的痴呆症发病风险相关,强调了中年控制血压对降低痴呆症风险的重要性。

      痴呆是一个主要的公共卫生问题,给患者、照料者和国家医疗保健系统带来了沉重的负担。导致痴呆症的病理生理过程,在患者晚年出现临床可识别的认知缺陷之前就开始了。因此,预防策略应该针对中年时期出现的危险因素,这一时期大致被定义为40岁到65岁之间。事实上,以前的研究支持中年(≤65岁)和晚年(>65岁)危险因素和痴呆症风险之间的区别联系美国心脏协会定义了“Life’s Simple 7”(LS7),这是由3种指标(血压、胆固醇水平、血糖水平)和4种生活方式(吸烟、体重指数、饮食)组成的综合得分。坚持LS7理想的血管健康建议与较低的心脏代谢性疾病(如2型糖尿病心肌梗死、中风)风险相关。遵守这些建议是否能对预防痴呆症有价值,这一点仍有争议。

      几项队列研究已经探索了LS7得分与老年痴呆或认知衰退风险之间的关系,但结果并不一致。研究之间不一致的潜在来源包括样本特征和研究设计方面的差异。例如,基线评估的高龄和短时间的随访可能会因为忽视痴呆症较长的临床前阶段而导致偏见,从而导致反向因果关系。血压和BMI是LS7评分的两个组成部分,这一点已经得到了具体的证明。此外,尽管对潜在的混杂因素进行了严格的调整,但观察性研究的分析仍然容易出现剩余的未测量的混杂。因此,仅来自观察数据的证据不足以确定候选风险因素和痴呆症风险之间的因果关系,也不足以支持预防治疗的建议。

      孟德尔随机化(MR)使用与兴趣暴露相关的基因变异作为工具,并调查它们与疾病结果的关系,从而克服了观察性研究的一些关键限制,如混淆和反向原因。因此,MR允许对因果关系做出推断。先前探索血管危险因素与阿尔茨海默病(AD)相关性的MR研究未能显示出显著的因果关联。但是AD痴呆的临床诊断需要排除实质性的伴随。先前的MR研究探索血管危险因素与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的关联未能显示出显著的因果关系,但是AD痴呆的临床诊断需要排除实质性的伴随因素。正如之前在一项关于冠状动脉疾病和AD的研究中所显示的那样,为了提供广泛适用的痴呆症预防策略,MR研究应该在更专注于痴呆症亚型的MR研究之外,主要关注作为结果的所有原因的痴呆,但目前还没有这样的研究。

      近日,有研究人员使用来自英国生物库(UKB)的230,000名年龄在40到69岁之间的个体的大规模LS7数据,跟踪了长达12年的时间:(1)确定基线即评分及其生物学和生活方式分值与突发全因痴呆症的关联;(2)确定单个血管风险因素和突发全因痴呆之间的线性和非线性关系;以及(3)利用磁共振分析来建立单个血管风险因素和全因痴呆之间的因果关联。

      在229,976人(平均随访9年)中,研究人员探讨了用LS7量表测量的中年心血管健康是否与突发的全因痴呆有关,以及该评分的各个组成部分是否与痴呆症存在因果关系。

 

  • 坚持LS7的生物学指标(血压、胆固醇、血糖水平)与较低的痴呆症发病风险相关(危险比=0.93每增加1点,95%可信区间[CI;0.89-0.96])。
  • 相比之下,LS7综合得分与生活方式分值(吸烟、体重指数、饮食、体力活动)和痴呆症发生率之间没有关联。
  • 在孟德尔随机分析中,遗传高血压与痴呆症的风险增加相关(优势比=1.31每标准差增加,95%CI[1.05-1.60])。

 这些发现强调了中年控制血压对降低痴呆症风险的重要性。

文献来源:https://doi.80599.net/10.1002/alz.12320

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    2022-02-28 anminleiryan
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    2021-11-03 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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本指南工作组在循证医学研究基础上,通过专家共识的形式,制定了血管性轻度认知损害(VaMCI)诊断指南。本指南强调,VaMCI诊断必须基于神经心理学测试,认知评估应包括一个整体认知及至少4个认知领域,同时应避免年龄、教育和语言因素对诊断准确性的影响。工具性日常生活能力评估是临床筛查的必要补充,结构影像学是确认脑血管病存在的常规检查技术。本指南推荐了VaMCI临床诊断的3个步骤:确认轻度认知损害的存在

2016 BC临床指南:基层医疗中认知损害的识别,诊断和管理(修订版)发布

指南名称:2016 BC临床指南:基层医疗中认知损害的识别,诊断和管理(修订版)英文标题:Cognitive Impairment: Recognition, Diagnosis and Management in Primary Care发布机构:不列颠哥伦比亚省临床实践指南中心(BC,Clinical Practice Guidelines and Protocols in British C

Neurology:老年男性规律适量饮酒降低认知损害风险

酒精中毒损害注意力、精神运动速度、跟踪能力、工作记忆和认知灵活性,但是慢性应用酒精对认知的结果还没有定论;基于此,西澳大学的Osvaldo P. Almeida教授发表文章表明:在老年男性中规律适量饮酒降低认知损害风险。 这篇文章回顾性分析社区居住的65-83岁的老年男性3542人,并随访6年。参与者提供详细的前一年酒精使用情况,分为戒酒组、偶尔饮酒组、和规律饮酒组:轻度(每周饮酒<15)、

Neurology:MRS标志物可预测轻度认知损害进展

美国一项研究表明,在认知正常老人中,MRI和磁共振质子波谱(MRS)定量标志物可预测轻度认知损害(MCI)和认知减退。论文于6月12日在线发表于《神经病学》(Neurology)。 此项研究共纳入1156例认知正常的老年受试者,并至少进行一次年度临床随访。通过MRS对扣带回前区、海马体积和白质高信号体积加以定量,并通过MRI评估脑梗塞。利用Cox比例风险回归评估MRI和MRS标志物对MC

2016 BC临床指南:基层医疗中认知损害的识别,诊断和管理(修订版)

不列颠哥伦比亚省临床实践指南中心(BC,Clinical Practice Guidelines and Protocols in British Columbia) · 2016-06-22