解密HLA-B27与强直性脊柱炎的关系

2018-10-29 肖超文,侯佳奇 上海岳阳风湿平台

强直性脊柱炎是一种常见的风湿病,而且越来越为大众所熟悉。相信不少患者都听说过HLA-B27,有的甚至会拿一张化验单来问风湿科医师:“医生你看,我查出来HLA-B27阳性,是不是得了强直性脊柱炎?”

强直性脊柱炎是一种常见的风湿病,而且越来越为大众所熟悉。相信不少患者都听说过HLA-B27,有的甚至会拿一张化验单来问风湿科医师:“医生你看,我查出来HLA-B27阳性,是不是得了强直性脊柱炎?”

虽然大家知道HLA-B27和强直性脊柱炎相关,但HLA-B27是什么?HLA-B27阳性就一定是强直性脊柱炎了吗?强直性脊柱炎会不会遗传?下面我们就来跟大家聊聊这些问题。

什么是HLA-B27?

HLA是3个英语单词的大写字头:

H代表人类(Human)

L代表白细胞(Leucocyte)

A代表抗原(Antigen)

即人类白细胞抗原(以下简写为HLA)。

HLA是组织细胞上受遗传控制的个体特异性抗原,最早是在白细胞和血小板上发现的,现在发现该抗原广泛分布于皮肤、肾、脾、肺、肠和心等组织器官的细胞膜上。

HLA是主要组织相容性复合体(Major Histocompatibility Complex,MHC)基因簇的表达产物,HLA在免疫系统中主要负责细胞之间的相互识别、诱导免疫反应及调节免疫应答的功能,类似于细胞的身份证,让免疫细胞鉴定是不是“自己人”,一旦发现身份异常,便启动免疫反应。

第8次国际组织相容性会议确定HLA有92个,分属于A、B、C、D和DR这5个位点,分别称为HLA-A,HLA-B,HLA-C,HLA-D和HLA-DR。HLA-B位点有42个,B27为其中之一。

HLA是人体细胞的复杂身份系统,每个人的细胞都携带有自己独特的HLA种类,HLA-B27只是其中一种,而细胞上携带有HLA-B27的人比细胞上不携带HLA-B27的人更容易患强直性脊柱炎。

HLA-B27阳性就一定会患强直性脊柱炎吗?

首先告诉大家,HLA-B27阳性不一定就是强直性脊柱炎。

但另一方面也要强调,HLA-B27阴性也不能排除强直性脊柱炎的可能性。

流行病学调查,强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B27阳性率高达90%左右,而普通人群HLA-B27阳性率也有4%~7%,因此普通人群也有一部分可以出现HLA-B27阳性。

HLA-B27阳性者强直性脊柱炎发病率约为10%~20%,而普通人群发病为1‰~2‰,相差约100倍。虽然HLA-B27阳性者更可能患有强直性脊柱炎,但概率并非百分之一百。

强直性脊柱炎会遗传吗?

早在50多年前人们就发现了强直性脊柱炎的家族聚集倾向。强直性脊柱炎患者的一级亲属(父母、子女、同父母的兄弟姐妹)患有强直性脊柱炎的风险是普通人群的52-94倍。但随着与患者亲缘关系的疏远,强直性脊柱炎的发病率迅速下降。

强直性脊柱炎的发病与遗传密切相关。1971年研究者发现HLA-B27在非洲黑人中罕见,在美国黑人中也很少见,仅在4%的美国黑人中发现,而在美国白人中大约有半数携带HLA-B27,与之相匹配的是强直性脊柱炎在美国黑人中也不常见(Baum J. Arthritis Rheum, 1971)。

在已经患有强直性脊柱炎的患者中,不论是非洲黑人还是欧洲白人,HLA-B27的阳性率相当。

同样是HLA-B27阳性,HLA-B27阳性的强直性脊柱炎患者一级亲属的发病率是HLA-B27阳性的普通人群的6-16倍,说明了除了HLA-B27,还有其他遗传相关因素影响强直性脊柱炎发病。

HLA-B27如何参与强直性脊柱炎发病

虽然HLA-B27与强直性脊柱炎的关系确认至今已经40余年,但离阐明其参与强直性脊柱炎发病的具体机制仍有很长的路要走。

HLA-B27是一种MHC-I类分子,可提呈某些致病性抗原诱导CD8+T细胞的免疫反应,但是至今没有证实可被HLA-B27提呈的某种特定“关节炎抗原”。

另一种学说认为,并非是HLA-B27的功能,而是HLA-B27的结构引起发病。



细胞内的蛋白质通常先要在内质网加工折叠才能形成有生物功能的蛋白质分子。折叠完成的HLA-B27分子是由重链,β2-微球蛋白(β2m)和一短肽组成的三聚体。相比其他HLA分子,HLA-B27结构较不稳定,容易在内质网发生折叠错误,错误折叠的HLA-B27积累起来便造成内质网应激,激活未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)、内质网相关的蛋白质降解(ERAD)及自噬等细胞生物学现象,诱导许多炎症因子如TNFα、IL1、IL6的产生。

另一方面,错误折叠的HLA-B27重链容易形成二聚体,二聚体状态的HLA-B27表达在细胞表面可激活IL23-IL17轴,导致炎症的产生。

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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:11:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351230, encodeId=1d0c3512301d, content=非常好的临床经验,学习了,,涨知识,值得借鉴,受益匪浅,感谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/27/c53a212859edcad4f60a54feffff50bb.jpg, createdBy=67cf1525321, createdName=13718711b3m, createdTime=Fri Nov 02 07:51:01 CST 2018, time=2018-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1440375, encodeId=abe414403e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f0e845427f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊柱炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84542, encryptionId=6f0e845427f, topicName=脊柱炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=50834728424, createdName=1249898am16暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Oct 31 07:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1502052, encodeId=282115020523a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14a6894190' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HLA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8941, encryptionId=14a6894190, topicName=HLA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e72c9501412, createdName=marongnuan, createdTime=Wed Oct 31 07:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-09-07 zywlvao
  4. 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level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/27/c53a212859edcad4f60a54feffff50bb.jpg, createdBy=67cf1525321, createdName=13718711b3m, createdTime=Mon Jan 28 13:45:27 CST 2019, time=2019-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354223, encodeId=f97c3542230e, content=建议梅斯医学在发任何文章时,应付上主要参考文献, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=526c2485304, createdName=12468bd3m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 02 07:33:12 CST 2018, time=2018-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351927, encodeId=83fc35192e00, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:11:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351230, encodeId=1d0c3512301d, content=非常好的临床经验,学习了,,涨知识,值得借鉴,受益匪浅,感谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/27/c53a212859edcad4f60a54feffff50bb.jpg, createdBy=67cf1525321, createdName=13718711b3m, createdTime=Fri Nov 02 07:51:01 CST 2018, time=2018-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1440375, encodeId=abe414403e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f0e845427f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊柱炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84542, encryptionId=6f0e845427f, topicName=脊柱炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=50834728424, createdName=1249898am16暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Oct 31 07:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1502052, encodeId=282115020523a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14a6894190' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HLA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8941, encryptionId=14a6894190, topicName=HLA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e72c9501412, createdName=marongnuan, createdTime=Wed Oct 31 07:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-28 13718711b3m

    非常不错的临床经验,值得借鉴的学习资料,实用性非常强,学习了,获益匪浅,谢谢分享!

    0

  5. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:11:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351230, encodeId=1d0c3512301d, content=非常好的临床经验,学习了,,涨知识,值得借鉴,受益匪浅,感谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/27/c53a212859edcad4f60a54feffff50bb.jpg, createdBy=67cf1525321, createdName=13718711b3m, createdTime=Fri Nov 02 07:51:01 CST 2018, time=2018-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1440375, encodeId=abe414403e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f0e845427f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊柱炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84542, encryptionId=6f0e845427f, topicName=脊柱炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=50834728424, createdName=1249898am16暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Oct 31 07:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1502052, encodeId=282115020523a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14a6894190' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HLA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8941, encryptionId=14a6894190, topicName=HLA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e72c9501412, createdName=marongnuan, createdTime=Wed Oct 31 07:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-02 12468bd3m60暂无昵称

    建议梅斯医学在发任何文章时,应付上主要参考文献

    0

  6. 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level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/27/c53a212859edcad4f60a54feffff50bb.jpg, createdBy=67cf1525321, createdName=13718711b3m, createdTime=Mon Jan 28 13:45:27 CST 2019, time=2019-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354223, encodeId=f97c3542230e, content=建议梅斯医学在发任何文章时,应付上主要参考文献, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=526c2485304, createdName=12468bd3m60暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 02 07:33:12 CST 2018, time=2018-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351927, encodeId=83fc35192e00, content=学习了,谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:11:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351230, encodeId=1d0c3512301d, content=非常好的临床经验,学习了,,涨知识,值得借鉴,受益匪浅,感谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/27/c53a212859edcad4f60a54feffff50bb.jpg, createdBy=67cf1525321, createdName=13718711b3m, createdTime=Fri Nov 02 07:51:01 CST 2018, time=2018-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1440375, encodeId=abe414403e5f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f0e845427f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊柱炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84542, encryptionId=6f0e845427f, topicName=脊柱炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=50834728424, createdName=1249898am16暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Oct 31 07:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1502052, encodeId=282115020523a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14a6894190' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HLA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8941, encryptionId=14a6894190, topicName=HLA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e72c9501412, createdName=marongnuan, createdTime=Wed Oct 31 07:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-08 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

  7. 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time=2018-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-02 13718711b3m

    非常好的临床经验,学习了,,涨知识,值得借鉴,受益匪浅,感谢分享!

    0

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    2018-10-31 marongnuan

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