关于预防宫颈癌,TCT检查的几点认知

2022-09-02 检验之声 检验学

现在一些单位组织的体检中,妇科体检时有的会包括宫颈TCT检查,有的女性在妇科就诊时,医生会建议做宫颈TCT检

现在一些单位组织的体检中,妇科体检时有的会包括宫颈TCT检查,有的女性在妇科就诊时,医生会建议做宫颈TCT检查。然而,部分女性对这项检查不了解,更不知道什么时候需要做这项检查了。

TCT检查是什么?

  TCT检查是液基薄层细胞检测的简称,采用液基薄层细胞检测系统检测宫颈细胞并进行细胞学分类诊断,它是目前国际上最先进的一种宫颈癌细胞学检查技术,与传统的宫颈刮片巴氏涂片检查相比明显提高了标本的满意度及宫颈异常细胞检出率。

TCT检查的重要性

  当前,宫颈癌依然是女性健康的重要杀手。其发病率在女性恶性肿瘤中居第二位,仅次于乳腺癌。据2000年统计数据显示,世界范围内每年约有50万宫颈癌新发病例,中国约有13万多的新发病例,约占世界新发病例的四分之一。每年约有2-3万人死于宫颈癌,并呈上升趋势及年轻化。一旦出现白带异常、腰骶部疼痛或下腹坠胀等症状,一定要引起重视,因为这些表现可能就意味着你的宫颈健康亮起了“红灯”。但是具体的状况还需先进、规范的检测来确定是否存在问题,因此定期TCT宫颈防癌细胞学检查体检就尤为重要。

  宫颈癌的发展是一个长期的过程,若能在病变早期进行筛查,就能阻止癌变的发生、发展。宫颈癌筛查的重点,是在无自觉症状时期,发现癌前病变,在非癌时期及早进行临床诊治,从而预防、阻止癌变的发生。一句话“宫颈癌筛查的重要意义在于——可预防、早发现、早治疗”

TCT检查优势

  与传统的宫颈刮片巴氏涂片检查相比明显提高了标本的满意度及宫颈异常细胞检出率。TCT宫颈防癌细胞学检查对宫颈癌细胞的检出率为100%,同时还能发现部分癌前病变,微生物感染如霉菌、滴虫、病毒、衣原体等。所以TCT检查技术是应用于妇女宫颈癌的筛查的最先进的技术。

TCT报告的结果有几种?

TCT报告的结果主要分为以下7种。

  1.未见上皮内病变细胞或恶性细胞(NILM):表示宫颈细胞正常,无需特殊处理。

  2.不能明确意义的非典型鳞状细胞(ASC-US):表示宫颈细胞可能发生了病变,若合并高危型HPV感染,则需要进行阴道镜下宫颈活检确诊,如无高危型HPV感染,可3~6月后复查TCT。

  3.非典型鳞状细胞不排除高度鳞状上皮内病变(ASC-H):表示宫颈细胞发生了癌前病变或癌,但细胞的异常不够确切诊断,需要进行阴道镜下宫颈活检确诊。

  4.低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL):表示宫颈细胞可能发生了低级别的癌前病变,需要进行阴道镜下宫颈活检进一步确诊。

  5.高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL):表示宫颈细胞发生了可疑高级别癌前病变,需要进行阴道镜下宫颈活检确诊。

  6.非典型腺细胞(AGC):表示宫颈管细胞发生了一些病变,需要进行阴道镜检查及宫颈管组织病理检查确诊。

  7.鳞状细胞癌:表示宫颈细胞已经发生了癌变,若能明确组织类型,会报告为角化型鳞癌、非角化型鳞癌等。

一般说来,宫颈病变的诊断分为三步:

①TCT

②阴道镜

③病理学诊断

  TCT检查只是宫颈病变检查的第一步,尽管细胞组织是否属于病变只有病理学诊断才真正具有权威性,但TCT检查的第一道关卡仍然显示出了明显的优势。如果TCT显示有问题,那么女性就应该进一步做阴道镜或病理诊断才能准确判断病情;如果TCT的检查结果显示第一种情况,未见上皮内病变细胞或恶性细胞(NILM),这些检查则可以不用再做了,女性也可以为身体健康松一口气,不过仍要注意定期复查。所以说,TCT检查能够起到了事半功倍的效果。

哪些人需要查 TCT?

  原则上,凡年满 18 周岁有过性生活的女性都应该检查TCT,尤其是有以下几种情况的女性:

  初次性生活年龄过早(<16 岁)的女性;

  性生活史超过一年的女性;

  有流产史的女性;

  已生育的女性;

  偶有不正常症状出现,一直未就医的女性;

  有2个以上性伴侣的女性;

  出现白带异常、外阴瘙痒、下腹坠痛、腰酸乏力、月经不调等症状的女性;

  怀疑有 HPV 感染的女性。

  有以下宫颈癌早期信号的女性则必须检查 TCT:

  白带增多:初期可无异常气味;

  白带异常:可以混有血性,伴有恶腥味等;

  阴道不规则出血:多见于性交出血、下腹用力有出血、绝经后出血等。 

TCT检查有哪些注意事项?

  1、.在做TCT检查前24小时避免性生活

  2、在做TCT检查前检查前24-48小时内不要冲洗阴道或使用阴道栓剂,也不要做阴道内诊

  3、如有炎症先治疗,然后再做TCT检查,以免影响诊断结果;

  4、TCT检查最好安排在非月经期进行。

TCT检查均采集宫颈表面的脱落细胞,留取标本时患者是没有任何疼痛感觉的,不必过于紧张和焦虑。

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    2022-09-03 ypcsjj

    赞👍

    0

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    2022-09-04 xulv123

    认真的话~~

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    2021-11-10 一闲
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    2021-11-10 kzlchina

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