如何预防化疗引起的恶心呕吐?

2019-07-01 王园园 上海药讯

化疗相关的恶心呕吐是化疗病人常见不良反应,不仅增加患者的痛苦,而且影响化疗的顺利进行,严重者可导致脱水、电解质紊乱、体重减轻乃至衰竭……


上海市第十人民医院药学部 王园园

化疗相关的恶心呕吐是化疗病人常见不良反应,不仅增加患者的痛苦,而且影响化疗的顺利进行,严重者可导致脱水、电解质紊乱、体重减轻乃至衰竭……

那么,恶心呕吐是怎么发生的呢?

化疗药物及其代谢产物刺激和近段小肠粘膜或经血液循环作用于肠嗜铬细胞,肠嗜铬细胞释放神经递质,刺激肠壁上的迷走神经和内脏神经传入纤维,将信号传入到脑干直接刺激呕吐中枢的神经核,然后患者就会发生恶心呕吐。

这里说到这个神经递质,主要有以下几类:5-HT3、多巴胺受体、乙酰胆碱受体、NK-1受体、阿片类受体、组织胺、皮质醇等。一些常用的止吐药物,我也给大家列出来了,可以大概看一看,这些药物就是我们用来对抗恶心呕吐的武器。

好了,现在我们知道了化疗相关恶心呕吐产生的原因,也了解了相关的武器有哪些,我们怎么来用这些武器呢?当然是根据“敌人”的情况啦,最强的“敌人”我们就用最强的武器。

我们先来了解下我们手中武器的情况,目前临床上主要用的是3类武器:

1、5-HT3:eg.昂丹司琼、帕洛诺司琼,可能大家比较难记住,那就只要记住他们都叫xx司琼就好了。

2、地塞米松:这是经常使用的激素,对延迟性的呕吐效果更好。

3、NK-1:eg.阿瑞匹坦,这类药也很好记,他们都叫xx匹坦。他的作用在于预防,单独使用效果不佳,需要搭配前面2个武器一起用。对延迟性呕吐效果更好。

了解了我们手上的武器的性能,再来区分下敌人,可以从两个维度来划分:呕吐风险等级、呕吐的分类。呕吐的风险包括高度致吐性、中度致吐性、低度致吐性,呕吐的分类主要包括急性期、延迟期。然后大家就可以参照下面的表,根据不同的敌人使用不同的武器。

最后,想说的是,化疗的恶心呕吐并不可怕,我们只要全面的了解我们的敌人,然后做好充足的准备,化疗全程0呕吐是完全可以实现的。当然,这需要患者、医生、临床药师的全面配合,一起努力。

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    2019-07-07 1de33e15m69(暂无匿称)

    淘宝上搜大连富生的参百益,一次一板5粒吃下可以维持药效12小时,每天吃二次即可全天平安度过,这是我妈当小白鼠得出的经验剂量。

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=369250, encodeId=4aa036925087, content=淘宝上搜大连富生的参百益,一次一板5粒吃下可以维持药效12小时,每天吃二次即可全天平安度过,这是我妈当小白鼠得出的经验剂量。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c2531680715, createdName=1de33e15m69(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jul 07 20:28:29 CST 2019, time=2019-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1396576, encodeId=6b0d13965e6d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3497528842b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#恶心#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52884, encryptionId=3497528842b, topicName=恶心)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Wed Jul 03 09:06:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1408413, encodeId=740014084131f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b2785288540' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#恶心呕吐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52885, encryptionId=b2785288540, topicName=恶心呕吐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=89b42741498, createdName=vividelife, createdTime=Wed Jul 03 09:06:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368823, encodeId=db343688234c, content=这个也太浅显了吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Tue Jul 02 10:58:46 CST 2019, time=2019-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-02 cqykthl

    这个也太浅显了吧

    0

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