必会:临床常见紧急情况处理连载——昏迷抢救预案

2015-04-14 佚名 医生之声

问病史应注意 1、询问昏迷发生的前后经过,有否进食、服用药品和其他物质,以及患者被发现时的环境情况,以确定有无电击伤、煤气中毒等。 2、昏迷的发生是否突然或逐渐形成,有否伴随症状,如抽搐、呕吐、发热等。 3、昏迷前有否特殊疾病,如传染病、糖尿病、肝硬化、慢性肾功能不全、心脏病、原发性高血压病等。 必要的体格检查 1、皮肤 皮肤湿冷并苍白者表示休克存在,如失血、单纯的发

问病史应注意


1、询问昏迷发生的前后经过,有否进食、服用药品和其他物质,以及患者被发现时的环境情况,以确定有无电击伤、煤气中毒等。


2、昏迷的发生是否突然或逐渐形成,有否伴随症状,如抽搐、呕吐、发热等。


3、昏迷前有否特殊疾病,如传染病、糖尿病、肝硬化、慢性肾功能不全、心脏病、原发性高血压病等。


必要的体格检查


1、皮肤 皮肤湿冷并苍白者表示休克存在,如失血、单纯的发绀可能有化学中毒;皮肤高热而干可能为中暑;皮肤出血点是细菌感染或出血倾向的体征;皮肤黄疸为肝脏病;皮肤潮红为酒精中毒。


2、气味 尿毒症为氨味,糖尿病常有烂水果味,肝昏迷常伴有肝腥味,酒精中毒常带乙醇味,家药中毒常伴有刺鼻子的气味。


3、呼吸与脉搏 库氏呼吸提示酸中毒,呼吸深而慢是颅内高压或者吗啡中毒的表现。呼吸呈现叹息样,并带鼾声为脑血管意外的表现,心律失常或杂音常提示心脏病。


4、头颅部检查头颅有否血肿、骨折、耳、鼻孔有否出血或溢液。一侧瞳孔散大常提示颞叶沟回脑疝形成。两侧瞳孔小提示吗啡中毒,两侧瞳孔小合并肢体瘫痪提示脑桥出血。双侧瞳孔散大,提示巴比妥类药物中毒,颈项强直提示颅内感染或出血,必要时做眼底检查。


5、体温 高体温提示有感染,过低体温提示酒精中毒、巴比妥类中毒或周围循环衰竭。


6、实验室检查 昏迷患者需导尿做尿常规化验、细菌培养及毒物分析。颅内病变做腰穿、CT等。必要时做细菌培养、血气、血糖、肝肾功能检查。


确诊前的处理


1保持气道通畅,加强气道护理。


2严密观察神志、瞳孔及生命体征变化。


3循环、呼吸及内环境的维持。


4预防并发症,保护脏器功能。


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    2015-04-16 wgx307
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    2015-04-16 lfyang
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1429466, encodeId=66b11429466f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d559642f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#昏迷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59642, encryptionId=26d559642f9, topicName=昏迷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=81fb4200032, createdName=wgx307, createdTime=Thu Apr 16 08:56:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471236, encodeId=b82014e1236f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac13558e9cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抢救#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55879, encryptionId=ac13558e9cb, topicName=抢救)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be1a7117101, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Thu Apr 16 08:56:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1523181, encodeId=e5a515231812f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a1de7006b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#紧急#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77006, encryptionId=1a1de7006b0, topicName=紧急)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b88211514540, createdName=guguangxiang, createdTime=Thu Apr 16 08:56:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21218, encodeId=61192121858, content=术后早期昏迷首先考虑窒息 经验教训, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=117.136.0.**, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 09:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21192, encodeId=86eb2119257, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9c21612116, createdName=tutu159, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 08:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-15 117.136.0.**

    术后早期昏迷首先考虑窒息 经验教训

    0

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    2015-04-15 tutu159

    0