Lancet Neurology-脑内出血后,是否复发取决于哪些因素?

2021-07-20 Freeman MedSci原创

脑内出血后,是否复发取决于哪些因素?

在世界范围内,由自发性(非创伤性)脑内出血(ICH)引起的中风约占所有中风的四分之一,但由于随后的死亡、残疾和严重血管事件的风险,几乎占中风导致的残疾调整生命年的一半。患有ICH的成年人通常有潜在的脑部小血管疾病,这使他们有复发中风的风险,并且有全身性的合并症,这使他们有中风和其他心血管事件的额外风险。

总的来说,ICH幸存者似乎有相似的每年复发ICH和缺血性中风的风险。然而,这些对卒中复发风险的估计大多来源于医院的研究。尽管最近的一项研究报道了560名患者队列中ICH后的主要缺血和出血事件,但对所有严重血管事件的风险知之甚少。

识别ICH后复发ICH、缺血性卒中和所有严重血管事件的风险因素,有助于风险分层,为ICH后抗血栓药物的决策提供依据。在一些研究中, 脑叶性ICH的位置与复发性ICH的高风险有关,但在其他研究中则不然。在短暂性缺血发作(TIA)或缺血性卒中后的最初几天和几周,复发卒中的风险特别高,但对复发ICH的时间过程了解不多。一些研究发现,ICH后第一年复发ICH的风险特别高,但大多数研究只包括30天的幸存者,因此他们可能低估了真正的早期风险。ICH后缺血性卒中的危险因素也不清楚。尽管ICH的位置似乎与缺血性卒中的风险无关,但心房颤动(AF)可能是缺血性卒中的一个风险因素,但不是复发性ICH的风险因素。

2019年,RESTART19的研究结果显示,与使用抗血栓药物相关的ICH后,与避免使用这些药物相比,幸存者在开始抗血小板治疗后,复发ICH的风险在数量上较低,但不明显(调整后的危险比[HR]0-51,95%CI 0-25-1-03;P=0-060)。然而,RESTART留下了一些不确定因素。

首先,尽管在RESTART中没有证据表明抗血小板治疗的效果在ICH位置上存在异质性,但非叶状ICH的参与者可能比叶状ICH的人受益更大。第二,RESTART招募了12名符合条件的患者中的一名,平均ICH体积约为4毫升,因此需要与未经选择的ICH患者的人群数据进行比较,以确定该试验的事件率的普遍性。第三,对于合并房颤的ICH幸存者,抗血小板治疗的效果没有异质性,但如果这些患者有特别高的全身性栓塞风险,那么可能需要口服抗凝剂。

因此,牛津大学的Linxin Li等人分析了英国两项当代前瞻性、基于人群的队列研究,以解决三个不确定因素:第一,在未经选择的ICH患者中,按ICH位置和合并AF分层,复发ICH和缺血性卒中的绝对和相对风险;第二,ICH后所有严重血管事件的风险;以及第三,RESTART的普遍性。


他们汇集了英格兰牛津郡(Oxfordshire Vascular Study;2002年4月1日至2018年9月28日)和英国苏格兰洛锡安(Lothian Audit of the Treatment of Cerebral Haemorrhage;2010年6月1日至2013年5月31日)两个前瞻性、基于人群的初始队列研究中所有意外发生的ICH患者的个体患者数据。并量化了复发性ICH、缺血性卒中或任何严重血管事件(非致命性卒中、非致命性心肌梗死或血管性死亡)的绝对和相对风险,按ICH位置(叶状与非叶状)和合并心房颤动(AF)分层。并将汇总的事件发生率与RESTART中避免抗血小板治疗分配后的事件发生率进行了比较。

在674名患者中(平均年龄74-7岁[SD 12-6]),随访1553人年,报告了46例复发性ICH和25例缺血性脑卒中(1-7/100患者-年,0-8-3-3)。大叶性ICH患者(n=317)比非大叶性ICH患者(n=355)有更高的复发ICH风险。

但没有证据表明缺血性卒中的风险有差异。相反,没有证据表明房颤患者与非房颤患者的复发性ICH率有差异,但房颤患者的缺血性卒中风险更高,因此房颤患者发生所有严重血管事件的风险高于无房颤患者。

只有在没有合并房颤的大叶性ICH患者中,复发ICH的风险大于缺血性卒中的风险。

这个大规模研究的意义在于,发现了:ICH后复发ICH、缺血性卒中和所有严重血管事件的风险因ICH位置和合并AF而不同。这些数据有助于在临床实践和正在进行的随机试验中对患者进行风险分层。


原文出处:
Li L, Poon MTC, Samarasekera NE, Perry LA, Moullaali TJ, Rodrigues MA, Loan JJM, Stephen J, Lerpiniere C, Tuna MA, Gutnikov SA, Kuker W, Silver LE, Al-Shahi Salman R, Rothwell PM. Risks of recurrent stroke and all serious vascular events after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: pooled analyses of two population-based studies. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Jun;20(6):437-447. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00075-2. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2021 Jun 9;: PMID: 34022170; PMCID: PMC8134058.

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    2021-08-23 yinhl1978
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    2021-11-06 howi
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    2021-07-20 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

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    2021-07-20 学医无涯

    学习一下

    0

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-自发性脑内出血存活者,DWI+病变存在与复发性脑出血有关

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 脑小血管病是抗凝治疗患者发生脑出血的促成因素

在服用抗凝药物的患者中,SVD是ICH的一个促成因素,并提示抗凝不再被视为ICH的充分“原因”。