Cardiol Rev:房颤非维生素K拮抗剂口服抗凝药患者为预防卒中是否应联合抗血小板治疗?

2015-09-11 MedSci MedSci原创

房颤患者常常口服非维生素K拮抗剂抗凝药(NOACs)预防卒中发生。这些患者也常常同时服用阿司匹林或者其他抗血小板药。NOACs药物和阿司匹林或其他抗血小板药物都能减少卒中的发生,但是应用两种药物预防卒中的安全性和有效性研究较少。为了解决这个问题,从最近与四种NOACs类药物,阿哌沙班,利伐沙班,达比加群,依杜沙班相关的随机对照试验中收集数据。一共包括42411名患者;14148(33.4%)名患者

房颤患者常常口服非维生素K拮抗剂抗凝药(NOACs)预防卒中发生。这些患者也常常同时服用阿司匹林或者其他抗血小板药。NOACs药物和阿司匹林或其他抗血小板药物都能减少卒中的发生,但是应用两种药物预防卒中的安全性和有效性研究较少。

为了解决这个问题,从最近与四种NOACs类药物,阿哌沙班,利伐沙班,达比加群,依杜沙班相关的随机对照试验中收集数据。一共包括42411名患者;14148(33.4%)名患者应用阿司匹林或其他抗血小板药物。比较NOAC联合阿司匹林/抗血小板药物治疗与单独应用NOAC治疗患者的血栓栓塞事件的发生。比较NOAC联合阿司匹林/抗血小板药物与单独NOAC治疗患者的出血率。比较这些结果与华法林联合阿司匹林/抗血小板治疗与单独应用华法林,患者血栓栓塞和出血事件的发生。

单独NOAC治疗组与NOAC联合阿司匹林/抗血小板药物治疗组相比,血栓栓塞的风险未增加。在这个非随机对照中,与单独NOAC治疗组相比,NOAC联合阿司匹林/抗血小板治疗组(RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05, 1.29)最初有血栓栓塞事件发生较高的趋势。这可能反应了阿司匹林/抗血小板药物CHADS2分数较高。这些分析仅限于阿司匹林药物而非其他抗血小板药物,在联合治疗和单独应用NOAC治疗(RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.90, 1.15),患者血栓栓塞事件的发生没有差异。NOAC联合阿司匹林/抗血小板药物治疗时,患者出血事件发生增加。

在这个meta分析和非随机对照中,阿司匹林/抗血小板药物的应用者和非应用者都应用抗凝药物治疗,与单独应用抗凝药相比,抗凝药联合应用抗血小板药物对卒中4期预防,没有额外益处。并且,能够增加患者出血的风险。应该仔细评估口服抗凝药的房颤患者是否进行抗血小板药物治疗,并且仍需要进一步的随机对照试验。

原文出处:

Kumar S, Danik SB, Altman RK,et al. Non-VKA Oral Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Therapy for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cardiol Rev. 2015 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]

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