“好胆固醇”越高越好?有人说NO!

2016-10-17 鉴赏师 医学界内分泌频道

日前,我国发布了“正确认识胆固醇”的科学声明,该声明指出:降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)能有效降低心脑血管疾病的发病风险。而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)一直被认为与心血管风险呈负相关,虽然因果关系不明确,但可用于风险评估,也被认为是“好胆固醇”。那么,“好胆固醇”升高,“坏胆固醇”降低,是否一定会放大两者的效果?近期发表在Diabetes Care的一项研究给了我们与预想中不一样的答案。

日前,我国发布了“正确认识胆固醇”的科学声明,该声明指出:降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)能有效降低心脑血管疾病的发病风险。


而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)一直被认为与心血管风险呈负相关,虽然因果关系不明确,但可用于风险评估,也被认为是“好胆固醇”。那么,“好胆固醇”升高,“坏胆固醇”降低,是否一定会放大两者的效果?


近期发表在Diabetes Care的一项研究给了我们与预想中不一样的答案。


该研究表明,有些情况下,随着HDL-C的升高,2型糖尿病患者所面临的心血管事件和死亡风险将增加。那么这个“有些情况”指的是什么情况呢?且听小编细细道来。


来自乌得勒支大学医疗中心的Jan Westerink博士和同事们对1829例2型糖尿病患者进行了研究,这些患者均达到低LDL-C治疗目标。研究者根据患者的LDL-C水平(<2.0、2.0-2.5和>2.5 mmol/L)和降脂治疗强度(强化降脂治疗和常规剂量降脂治疗)进行分层研究,并校正年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟、饮酒、甘油三酯、收缩压、肾小球滤过率、血糖、糖化血红蛋白等因素。


在中位数随访7年(IQR 3.9-10.4)期间共发生335例新发心血管事件和385例死亡。总体而言,血浆HDL-C与心血管事件之间没有关系(HR=0.97, 95% CI 0.93-1.01);血浆HDL-C与全因死亡率也没有关系(HR=0.99, 95% CI 0.96-1.03)。


但是,亚组分析结果却出乎意料令人咋舌!


对于LDL-C<2.0 mmol/L的患者,更高的HDL-C与更高的全因死亡率有关(HR=1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21),与更高的心血管事件风险有关(HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.21)。


但是对于LDL-C在2.0-2.5 mmol/L之间,或LDL-C>2.5 mmol/L的患者,随着HDL-C的升高,心血管事件风险分别为HR=0.85,95% CI 0.75-0.95和HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.91-1.00。


强化降脂治疗的患者,1个HDL-C增量,心肌梗死的风险增加17%;常规剂量的降脂治疗在相同情况下,心肌梗死的风险则是降低15%。


也就是说,对于非常低LDL-C水平(<2.0 mmol/L)的2型糖尿病患者,更高的HDL-C与更高的心血管事件和死亡率有关!


日前发布的“正确认识胆固醇”的科学声明中明确的指出:降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,可显著降低心脑血管疾病的发病风险,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的控制是预防心脑血管疾病的重要防线。这是基于确凿证据和大量实践得出的无需置疑的声明,降低LDL-C是没有错的。


但是,为什么2型糖尿病患者的LDL-C降低到一定程度后,随着HDL-C的升高,心血管风险也升高?这项研究只是初步探究,还没有得到大量的证据和实践支持,究竟真相是怎么回事,背后的原理是什么个情况,还需要进一步大量的研究探究。


总之,降低LDL-C还是有需要的,关于胆固醇的管理,声明中也提到了五项行动倡议:


1、遵循中国居民膳食指南,践行平衡膳食,适量摄入动物性食物,少油少盐,人人做好自我营养管理。


2、 保持健康生活方式,积极运动、戒烟限酒,改变不良生活方式。


3、 血液中胆固醇水平异常是心脑血管疾病的主要危险因素,公众应积极关注自己的胆固醇水平,定期检测血脂状况,了解自身心脑血管的健康状况;对膳食胆固醇敏感的人群和代谢障碍的人群(高血脂、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病等),必须强调严格控制膳食胆固醇和饱和脂肪的摄入。


4、 在采取健康生活方式、合理膳食的基础上,对心脑血管疾病患者和高危人群,使用他汀类药物控制胆固醇,是预防心脑血管疾病的科学态度和有效措施;遵医嘱、坚持药物治疗,才能使“坏胆固醇”长期控制在理想水平,带来心脑血管长期获益。


5、 公众存在营养和健康方面的问题,应教育公众去咨询专业机构和专业人员,通过访问专业和主流媒体等渠道,了解相关知识,切勿偏听偏信,做有健康素养的中国人。


参考文献:

More Cardiovascular Events in Diabetics With Higher HDL, Lower LDL.Medscape.June 14, 2016;

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    2016-10-20 187清风

    新的知识,学习了

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    2016-10-18 明月清辉

    物极必反

    0

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    2016-10-18 1e0f487cm54(暂无匿称)

    这篇文章真的纠正了现在人的观点。

    0

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    2016-10-18 半夏微凉

    学习了,继续关注

    0

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    2016-10-18 Deepblie

    值得注意一下!

    0

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