Alzheimers Dement:种族不同,阿尔兹海默相关指标的长期变化趋势不同

2022-03-08 Freeman MedSci原创

该研究的重要意义在于观察到淀粉样蛋白生物标志物的纵向种族差异。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种不可逆的神经退行性疾病,影响到600万美国人,预计到2050年病例将增加一倍以上。在没有真正有效的治疗方法可以改变AD的进展的情况下,预防可能是唯一可行的选择,可以控制公共健康危机。

为了设计AD的预防试验,生物标志物对于建立适当的纳入/排除标准和跟踪疾病进展非常重要。 几十年的生物标志物研究已经确定了一系列AD生物标志物的有效性,以检测大脑中的淀粉样β(Aβ)和神经纤维缠结(NFTs),以及相关的神经元死亡和神经退化。包括使用[11C]苯并噻唑示踪剂、匹兹堡化合物B(PiB)和其他示踪剂(18F-AV45)、脑脊液(CSF)分析物、Tau PET区域摄取量和基于磁共振成像(MRI)的大脑结构测量,利用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)对大脑纤维状Aβ进行分子成像。

这些研究进一步表明,AD的神经病理过程在症状出现前几年甚至几十年就开始了,生物标志物的变化遵循一个时间序列,早期Aβ在大脑中积累和沉积,随后形成NFTs、神经元死亡和大脑结构变化。

然而,几乎所有这些重要的发现都是基于以白人为主的队列,少数报告AD生物标志物变化种族差异的生物标志物研究都是基于横断面数据。

藉此,华盛顿大学的Chengjie Xiong等人,评估黑人和白人在所有主要AD生物标志物中的纵向差异,包括CSF、淀粉样PET和结构MRI。

共有179名黑人和1180名白人在基线时认知正常,并有至少一种生物标志物模式的纵向数据,对他们的年度变化率进行分析。

他们发现:黑人的CSF淀粉样β(Aβ)42/Aβ40下降得更慢(P=0.0390),淀粉样蛋白(PET)积累得更慢(P=0.0157)。

黑人和白人的CSF Aβ42随时间变化的方向相反(P = .0039)。

黑人的CSF总tau和磷酸化tau181的年增长率约为白人的一半。

该研究的重要意义在于观察到淀粉样蛋白生物标志物的纵向种族差异。全面和前瞻性地研究ApoE基因型和社会文化因素对这些差异的影响将是很重要的。

原文出处:

Xiong C, Luo J, Schindler SE, Fagan AM, Benzinger T, Hassenstab J, Balls-Berry JE, Agboola F, Grant E, Moulder KL, Morris JC. Racial differences in longitudinal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers among cognitively normal adults. Alzheimers Dement. 2022 Feb 25. doi: 10.1002/alz.12608. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35218143.

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谵妄是导致老年人痴呆和死亡的强有力危险因素,相比于无谵妄发作的患者,至少有一次谵妄发作的住院老年患者新确诊痴呆的风险高出3倍,每增加一次谵妄发作,痴呆风险增加20%。

警惕中老年“胖瘦子”!新研究:肌肉流失和过度肥胖或与痴呆、死亡相关

一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究基于英国生物银行的数据,探索了肌肉减少性肥胖和肌肉减少症与痴呆风险的关系,发现肌肉减少性肥胖和肌肉减少症分别与不同程度的痴呆风险增加相关。

JAMDA:高血脂能让痴呆风险升高51%!

,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

痴呆风险升高51%!北大&协和医学院团队研究:高血脂的人要注意

近日,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

横跨75年研究:脑子越大,越不容易痴呆?

人类的大脑是在变大还是变小?大脑越大就越健康吗?

2023 国际指南:体力活动和锻炼用于轻度认知障碍和痴呆的预防和管理

国外神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2023-09-28

痴呆患者睡眠障碍管理的最佳证据总结

江苏医药职业学院 · 2023-03-22

痴呆诊断中PET临床合理化应用中国专家共识(2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

痴呆诊断中 PET 临床合理化应用中国专家共识 (2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

中药新药用于痴呆的临床研究技术指导原则(征求意见稿)

国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心(CDE) · 2019-10-31