希望!阿尔茨海默病新药2期临床全新出炉,减缓认知衰退效果显著

2018-07-31 佚名 生物探索

开发治疗阿尔茨海默症的药物一直是条艰辛之路,因此,即使是取得一点点的成功也会让人兴奋。近日,由卫材(Eisai)与百健(Biogen)合作开发的阿兹海默病新药BAN2401“惊喜亮相”于阿尔茨海默症协会国际会议上。这一半年前还不被看好的药物带着出色的2期临床数据引起医药圈和媒体广泛关注。



许多科学家认为,β-淀粉样蛋白是导致阿尔茨海默症的罪魁祸首,其阻断神经元之间的传递,最终导致神经元死亡。BAN2401是由美国百健(Biogen)公司和日本卫材(Eisai)公司共同研发的一款治疗阿尔茨海默症的新药物。和其他一些开发中的药物一样,BAN2401是一种抗体,目标是清除β-淀粉样蛋白结构。

峰回路转的成绩

早期的分析表明,在治疗12个月后,与安慰剂相比,BAN2401至少有80%的可能性将认知能力衰退的比率降低25%或更多。2017年12月,百健和卫材透露该药物没有达到要求。但是峰回路转,在7月25日的阿尔茨海默症协会国际会议上,卫材神经科主任Lynn Kramer在报告中说这一可能性可达到64%。两家公司共同发布声明,BAN2401可能会减缓阿尔茨海默症患者认知能力下降的速度,并逆转大脑蛋白质的形成导致的神经退行性变化。

该试验纳入了856名早期轻微阿尔茨海默症的患者,采用一种新的认知功能测量工具——阿尔茨海默症综合评分(ADCOMS)检测早期疾病患者的细微变化。公司还开发了一项创新而复杂的研究设计,不是将患者随机分配进入五个治疗组,而是每个患者得到不同的药物剂量,分配系统增加了患者接受到最精确剂量的可能性。

为了更早地了解这种药物的疗效,研究人员还采用Bayesian统计方法来分析不同患者在试验过程中对药物的反应,而不是等到试验结束之后才进行统计分析。研究人员Fargo说,这是在阿尔茨海默症试验中首次使用Bayesian统计数据,并认为Baysesian的分析可以帮助更快地决定是否进入第三阶段。

两家公司在本月早些时候宣布,在一些患者中,这种药物产生了显着的效果。在最新报告中,经过18个月治疗后,通过ADCOMS测量,试验中服用五种药物剂量中最大剂量的161名患者的认知能力下降速度比服用安慰剂的患者慢了30%。通过另一种更传统的认知测量工具——阿尔茨海默症评估量表—认知亚量表,这一组的下降速度比安慰剂慢了47%。脑成像技术还显示,该药物降低了所有剂量组患者淀粉样蛋白斑块的水平,在经过18个月的治疗后,81%的参与者发现淀粉样蛋白阴性。

“如果这些结果在第三阶段的临床试验中得到证实,那么我们有望拥有第一个同时实现减缓认知衰退和清除β淀粉样蛋白的抗痴呆药物,”伊利诺斯州芝加哥的阿尔茨海默症协会科学项目与外联处的主任,Keith Fargo说,“但是不知道他们是否会一直持续到第三阶段的试验。”

谨慎期待

但Kramer也描述了试验有意料之外的潜在问题。研究人员对患者脑部水肿情况进行了监测,这是该药物和其他淀粉样抗体的一种潜在的安全风险,尤其是增加了APOE4基因携带者患阿尔茨海默症的风险,并与其认知能力快速下降有关。2014年7月,一家监管机构要求停止将APOE4基因携带者分配到最高剂量组,该公司遵守了这一要求。

这一变化不仅减少了高剂量组的样本量,还产生了一个潜在的混杂变量:该组是因为药物作用而显示出较慢的神经退行性变化,还是因为该组所含人群几乎不会从遗传上倾向于快速衰退?

在某种程度上由于这种变化,“我认为人们可能不会像以前那样兴奋。”哥伦比亚大学Vagelos学院的神经学家Lawrence Honig在谈到会议的演讲时说。他没有参与这项研究,但他是百健和卫材其他药物的研发人员。Honig说,“研究中随机化的改变确实会影响结果的解释,但即使没有这些,试验也不是决定性的。”他指出,其他阿尔茨海默症药物的候选药物在第二阶段看起来很有希望,但是在后面更大规模的研究中却不幸失败。

目前尚不清楚百健和卫材下一步的研究计划(证明该药物的有效性)。很显然,BAN2401将是阿尔茨海默症候选药物中受到密切关注的少数药物之一。此外,两家公司还联合开发了一种淀粉靶向抗体aducanumab,该抗体在2015年直接进入了一项大型三期研究,此前有迹象表明,只有125名患者受益。这项研究预计将在2020年产生结果。

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    2018-07-31 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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    2018-07-31 医者仁心5538

    到底哪些人会发展成阿兹海默病?能预防吗?

    0

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    2018-07-31 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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