Am J Obstet Gynecol:先兆子痫高风险孕妇 阿司匹林能减少小宝宝的NICU时间?

2018-07-02 林巧楠 环球医学

先兆子痫是一种严重的妊娠并发症,谈之色变,对母亲和孩子短期和长期均有不良影响。通过综合考察孕妇人口统计学特征和病史与生物标志物测量指标,在妊娠11~13周筛查先兆子痫,可识别出约75%妊娠<37周发生早产先兆子痫的女性和90%妊娠<32周发生早发先兆子痫的女性,筛查阳性率为10%。

先兆子痫是一种严重的妊娠并发症,谈之色变,对母亲和孩子短期和长期均有不良影响。通过综合考察孕妇人口统计学特征和病史与生物标志物测量指标,在妊娠11~13周筛查先兆子痫,可识别出约75%妊娠<37周发生早产先兆子痫的女性和90%妊娠<32周发生早发先兆子痫的女性,筛查阳性率为10%。

最近的试验(多个标志物筛查结合患者随机接受基于循证证据的阿司匹林用于预防先兆子痫试验)发现,与安慰剂相比,孕早期筛查出先兆子痫高风险的女性,阿司匹林(150mg/d,从孕早期到孕晚期)给药可降低62%的早产先兆子痫发生率(首要结局;95%置信区间[CI],26%~80%)和89%的早发先兆子痫发生率(53%~97%)。但令人惊讶的是,尽管先兆子痫减少了,但该研究次要结局之一的新生儿重症监护单元(NICU)的入住率并未受到显着影响(比值比[OR],0.93;95% CI,0.62~1.40)。

2018年1月,发表在《Am J Obstet Gynecol》的一项由英国、西班牙、意大利、比利时等国学者进行的二次分析,考察了高风险先兆子痫的孕妇预防性使用阿司匹林对NICU住院日的影响。

该二次分析的数据来自基于偱证的阿司匹林用于预防先兆子痫的试验,旨在评估阿司匹林对NICU住院日影响差异。采用自举法(Bootstrapping)比较阿司匹林和安慰剂组的平均住院日。逻辑回归用于评估NICU住院期间的治疗效果。

在试验中,共有1620名参与者和1571名活产新生儿。安慰剂组的NICU总住院日较阿司匹林组明显延长(1696 vs 531天)。这反映了阿司匹林组比安慰剂组NICU平均住院日(11.1 vs 31.4天)显着减少20.3天(95% CI,7.0~38.6;P=0.008)。

各治疗组的NICU住院日总共为2227天,妊娠<32周出生的婴儿占了1856天(83.3%)。其中,阿司匹林组为9/777例(1.2%),安慰剂组为23/794例(2.9%)(OR,0.42;95% CI,0.19~0.93;P=0.033)。总体来说,在包括未入住NICU的整体人群中,安慰剂组较阿司匹林组的平均住院日更长(2.06 vs 0.66天;差异,1.4天;95% CI,0.45~2.81;P=0.014),这相当于住院日降低了68%(95% CI,20%~86%)。

先兆子痫高风险的孕妇使用阿司匹林可降低约70%的NICU住院日。该降低基本上归因于<娠妊32周新生儿出生率的降低,主要由于预防了早发先兆子痫。该结果对于降低短期和长期医疗成本以及改善婴儿生存与缺陷都具有意义。

试验表明,对于通过早孕期筛查确定为先兆子痫高风险的单胎妊娠女性,预防性使用阿司匹林可将早产先兆子痫和早发先兆子痫的发生率分别降低约60%和90%。 该二次分析表明,使用阿司匹林可将NICU住院时间缩短约70%。虽然试验中未长期随访新生儿,但妊娠<32周的出生率降低可能与婴儿死亡、脑瘫风险降低和减少长期使用专业医疗保健资源相关。

新生儿重症监护病房住院时间缩短大大节省了医疗费用,这远远高于使用阿司匹林以及进行人群筛查和治疗高危人群的费用。该研究为正式的健康经济研究提供了基础。

原始出处;
Wright D, Rolnik DL, Syngelaki A,et al.Aspirin for Evidence-Based Preeclampsia Prevention trial: effect of aspirin on length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jun;218(6):612.e1-612.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.02.014. Epub 2018 Mar 2.

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    2018-07-05 虈亣靌

    好好学习天天向上认真学习

    0

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    2018-07-04 zhangjiqing
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    2018-07-03 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.长知识

    0

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